Some Physicochemical Properties of Binary Mixtures of Glycerol with Butanol Isomers in the Temperature Range 293.15–318.15 K and Ambient Pressure

Abstract

The aim of this work is experimental determination of density, ρ, refractive index, n D, viscosity, η, and their derivatives for four binary systems containing glycerol in the mixture with butanol isomers: 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutanol, and tert-butanol. Experimental results were carried out for all concentration ranges at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature interval of 293.15–318.15 K except for the mixtures with tert-butanol because of high melting temperatures, so the measurements were made from 303 K. Results of experimental measurements were further used to estimate, for each investigated mixture, excess molar volumes, partial molar volumes, apparent molar volumes, thermal isobaric expansibilities, excess thermal expansibilities and partial molar volumes at infinite dilution, the viscosity deviations, and the excess energies of activation. In addition to that, the infrared spectra of all the systems have been recorded at three concentrations at room temperature. The excess molar volumes V E and excess thermal expansitivities for all investigated systems are found negative over the whole composition range and at all temperatures studied, and deviations from ideality increase with increasing temperature. Negative values of viscosity deviation appear for all systems, but contrary to the excess molar volumes, the deviations from ideality decrease with temperature rising. The excess molar calculated properties were well fitted using the empirical Redlich–Kister polynomial. All the properties measured and calculated in this work have shown a significant influence of the structure of the molecules including the size, shape, and the position of the hydroxyl groups of the components. As expected, the infrared spectra of these binary mixtures prepared with these four butanol isomers show strong hydrogen bonding capability.

Thioflavin-T: A Quantum Yield-Based Molecular Viscometer for Glycerol–Monohydroxy Alcohol Mixtures

“…We cannot, however, compare the interaction parameters obtained from our analysis to the excess molar refractivity as the two physical parameters depend on different properties of the medium, but it validates that our model can successfully predict the positive and negative deviation from ideality. This observation can be validated from previous thermodynamic studies also. – So, our proposed model of ThT quantum yield can successfully estimate the degree of solvent–solvent interaction and can predict nonideality without any help from excess thermodynamic property measurements.…”

“…The interaction parameters for each of our experimental systems are reported in Table , and these values indicate the extent of interaction between the two components of the binary mixture. Generally, to predict deviation from ideally of liquid mixtures, excess thermodynamic quantities are measured. – Spectroscopic properties such as solvatochromic shift were also used to predict synergistic or preferential interactions . However, estimation of the solvent–solvent interaction using quantum yield data is rare.…”

Effect of Isomeric Alcohols on the Thermophysical Properties of Cyano-Based Ionic Liquids: Experimental and Simulation Studies

“…The values of ρ, u , and η of pure components and of their binary mixtures, viz., [EMIM]­[N­(CN) 2 ]­( x 1 ) + 1-/2-butanol­( x 2 ), were measured experimentally (Tables S1–S3) to know the interactions between the ILs and the polar isomeric alcohol. The comparison of the obtained experimental values of pure components has been made with earlier reported data at the studied temperature and pressure are reported in Table S4. ,− ,− Using the percent deviation formula, we have shown the plot of deviation in the calculated data and the reported value and found good agreements between experimental and literature data of the pure components [Figure a–c].…”

“…The α-CH 3 group shows steric hindrance in the formation of H-bonding, and the position of the −OH group on the carbon chains disturbs the V E values. That is the reason why the molecular interaction is more pronounced over the H-bonding interactions, and also the packing efficiency decreases as 1-butanol > 2-butanol and V E values become more positive. , …”

Experimental and Predicted Values of Bubble Point Pressure for Binary and Ternary Systems Consisting of 1-Butanol, 2-Methyl-1-propanol, Glycerol, and Water

“…In food processing industries, glycerol was used as an additive, solvent, and sweetener or a component of packaging materials . Glycerol is commonly used with alcohols as mixed solvents in different applications such as a thickener, sweetener, humectant, lubricant, or antifreeze . In addition, glycerol is also used as a raw material to produce butanol through an acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation process. − Due to the wide range of application of glycerol, the phase equilibrium data consisting of glycerol, alcohol, and water mixtures are extremely important in industry for the development of new technologies and the enhancement of existing processes.…”