Background:Goal six (6) of the 2030 agenda and sustainable development goals highlights the need to "ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all." Over the years; Lake Victoria, which supports nearly one-third of the total East African population has been facing pollution-related effects and thus risking water-borne infections from pathogenic bacteria for example; Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus species, Enterococcus species, etc.; with some of the associated factors including wastewater treatment, agricultural activities, soil surface runoffs, bathing, rubbish dumping among others. Methods:A two-month cross-sectional pilot survey was done in which thirty-one (n=31) Lake Victoria surface water samples were collected at the Kasenyi landing site and bacteriologically examined through culturing water samples. Additionally; a one-time field observation accompanied by eleven (n=11) short interviews with key respondents was undertaken to identify the factors potentially associated with the bacterial contamination of the Lake Victoria shore surface water. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2013. Results:Citrobacter freundii accounted for the highest occurrence at 58% (46/79) while Klebsiella pneumoniae was the least occurring at 3% (2/79). "Soil surface run-off" emerged as the most occurring factor related to possible bacterial contamination of the shore surface waters (73%; 8/11). One-time field observation revealed the presence of "bathing practices, rubbish dumping, and soil surface runoff." Conclusion:Citrobacter freundii was the most occurring bacterial pathogen; soil surface run-off emerged as the most occurring factor; there is a low chance of encountering Klebsiella pneumoniae and a high chance of encountering Citrobacter freundii, Staphylococcus species, and Enterococcus species.Recommendation: Establishment of control mechanisms (i.e. physical barriers) for soil run-off into the lake shore.

Background: Microbial contaminations and their toxins have a lead role in food-borne outbreaks (FBOs) through food poisoning, spoilage, and intoxications. In Africa, it’s approximated that 92 million people fall ill from consuming contaminated foods, resulting in 137,000 deaths each year. And yet, food safety does not seem to be a major concern within many countries in this continent. This study aimed at isolating pathogenic bacteria from street-cooked and raw meat from selected markets in Entebbe municipality, Uganda. Methodology: This was a descriptive randomized cross-sectional study. Samples were in two clusters that is cooked and raw meat (chicken and beef). All of them were analyzed in the microbiology laboratory uniformly. A sample size of 40 was used. Selective media and bio-chemicals were used in the bacterial species isolation and identification respectively. Results: A total of 11 isolates of bacteria were isolated and identified. These included gram-positive cocci: Staphylococcus spp (23.5%), and Enterococcus spp (12.3%); gram-positive rods: Corynebacterium spp (23.5%), and Mycobacterium spp (3.7%); and gram-negative rods: Serratia spp (1.2%), Citrobacter spp (9.9%), E. coli spp (1.2%), Salmonella spp (1.2%), and Shigella spp (1.2%). Conclusion: There are significant levels of microbial contamination associated with street foods and these accounts for food-borne illnesses.