Citrus medica L. is rich in numerous vital bioactive constituents, though it is an underutilized among the citrus genus. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the protective role of the C. medica fruit (CMF) methanol extract against carbofuran (CF)-induced toxicity in experimental rats. In addition, this work aims at detecting and measuring polyphenolic compounds by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and evaluation of the antioxidant activity of this extract. For this, studies dealing with serum hematological and biochemical parameters, liver endogenous antioxidants, as well as hepatic histo-architectural features have been carried out to assess the protective ability of CMF against CF-induced toxicity. Additionally, total phenol, flavonoid, and antioxidant capability were measured and the antioxidant action was investigated using DPPH and nitric oxide radical scavenging assays as well as reducing power assessments. HPLC results revealed the presence of benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, gallic acid, quercetin, and salicylic acid in CMF extract. Furthermore, results showed that CMF has considerable total phenol, flavonoid, and antioxidant capability and exhibits significant free radical scavenging and reducing potentialities. On the other hand, CF intoxication of rats significantly altered the hematological and serum biochemical parameters with hepatocytes disruption. Carbofuran also caused an upsurge in malondialdehyde (MDA) level and a decline in hepatic cellular antioxidant enzymes levels in rats compared to the control group. Co-administration of CMF amended the anomalies and improved the histo-architectural arrangement of hepatocytes in treated groups. CMF also inhibited the alteration of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and MDA levels as compared to the carbofuran treated group and returned them to their normal state. Taken all together, results from this investigation highlight the protective role of CMF against CF-induced toxicity which might be attributed to the polyphenolic constituents of the extract.
Pandanus odoratissimus, a perennial, large shrub or small tree, has multifarious medicinal uses. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antidiarrheal effects of methanol extracts obtained from leaf and fruit of P. odoratissimus. The methanol extracts from the leaf and fruit of P. odoratissimus were evaluated for the antidiarrheal activity in rats. The effects of the extracts on defecation, intestinal transit and intestinal fluid accumulation (enteropooling) were assessed in castor oil-induced diarrhea. Oral administration of leaf and fruit extracts at 200 and 400 mg/kg exhibited significant (P<0.05-0.01) and dose-dependent antidiarrheal potential in castor oilinduced diarrhea. The diarrheal episode was inhibited by 34.30 % and 47.60 % by leaf extract, whereas 35.11 % and 47.15 % by fruit extract at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively. The extracts were found to possess an antienteropooling in castor oil-induced experimental animals by reducing both weight and volume of intestinal content significantly and also decrease in intestinal transit comparable to that of standard drug, loperamide (5 mg/kg). These findings revealed that methanol extracts of leaf and fruit of P. odoratissimus possess significant antidiarrheal activities.
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