Role of Citrus medica L. Fruits Extract in Combatting the Hematological and Hepatic Toxic Effects of Carbofuran

Abstract

Citrus medica L. is rich in numerous vital bioactive constituents, though it is an underutilized among the citrus genus. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the protective role of the C. medica fruit (CMF) methanol extract against carbofuran (CF)-induced toxicity in experimental rats. In addition, this work aims at detecting and measuring polyphenolic compounds by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and evaluation of the antioxidant activity of this extract. For this, studies dealing with serum hematological and biochemical parameters, liver endogenous antioxidants, as well as hepatic histo-architectural features have been carried out to assess the protective ability of CMF against CF-induced toxicity. Additionally, total phenol, flavonoid, and antioxidant capability were measured and the antioxidant action was investigated using DPPH and nitric oxide radical scavenging assays as well as reducing power assessments. HPLC results revealed the presence of benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, gallic acid, quercetin, and salicylic acid in CMF extract. Furthermore, results showed that CMF has considerable total phenol, flavonoid, and antioxidant capability and exhibits significant free radical scavenging and reducing potentialities. On the other hand, CF intoxication of rats significantly altered the hematological and serum biochemical parameters with hepatocytes disruption. Carbofuran also caused an upsurge in malondialdehyde (MDA) level and a decline in hepatic cellular antioxidant enzymes levels in rats compared to the control group. Co-administration of CMF amended the anomalies and improved the histo-architectural arrangement of hepatocytes in treated groups. CMF also inhibited the alteration of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and MDA levels as compared to the carbofuran treated group and returned them to their normal state. Taken all together, results from this investigation highlight the protective role of CMF against CF-induced toxicity which might be attributed to the polyphenolic constituents of the extract.

Coenzyme Q10 ameliorates carbofuran induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in wister rats

“…Exposure to different chemicals or toxicants induces swelling, degeneration, and apoptosis of the hepatic cells [ [34] , [35] , [36] ]. Several studies reported that carbofuran exposure in different animals exhibited liver damage with alteration of the liver function markers such as ASL, ALT, and ALP in the blood and oxidative stress parameters in the liver [ 37 , 38 ]. Recently, CoQ10 has been reported to improve the effects against carbon tetrachloride-mediated liver toxicity [ 39 ].…”

Investigating the protective effects of Elaeagnus angustifolia fruit extract on hematological parameters and damage of different tissues of male mice exposed to graphene oxide nanoparticles

“…(2021) stated that carbofuran causes changes in rat liver cells and fruit extract ( Citrus medica ) improves liver damage due to the presence of phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant compounds in It is an extract. [ 90 ] El‐Naggar et al. (2021) stated that Ag NPs cause inflammation in the liver tissue of mice, but the extract ( P. dactylifera ) improves the damage caused by Ag NPs in the liver, which is due to the presence of antioxidant compounds in the extract.…”

“…[89] Mondal et al (2021) stated that carbofuran causes changes in rat liver cells and fruit extract (Citrus medica) improves liver damage due to the presence of phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant compounds in It is an extract. [90] El-Naggar et al (2021) stated that Ag NPs cause inflammation in the liver tissue of mice, but the extract (P. dactylifera) improves the damage caused by Ag NPs in the liver, which is due to the presence of antioxidant compounds in the extract. [45] 4.6.2 Kidney histological damage A series of histological damages including include thickening and inflammatory cell infiltration in the renal capsule, perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration and degeneration in the lining epithelium of tubules were observed in the kidney tissue of the studied mice.…”

The protective effects of nerol to prevent the toxicity of carbon tetrachloride to the liver in Sprague-Dawley rats

“…The liver tissues were immersed in a 10 % neutral buffered formalin solution to facilitate their preparation for further histological examinations. Tissue sections of 6 μm in thickness were acquired from paraffin wax-embedded biopsies using a rotary microtome (HM 325, Thermo Scientific, U.K.) [ 15 ]. Afterwards, the tissue slices received staining with hematoxylin and eosin, and pictures were captured using an Olympus DP 72 microscope (Tokyo, Japan) at a magnification of 40× [ 16 ].…”