The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the yield potential of 25 different varieties of oat as a reaction to seeding distance and fertilization for improvement of crop technology and identification of the most adapted varieties. Based ANOVA test, the main influence on yield is due to climate, followed by the amount of fertilizers. The sowing distance reveals its influence when combined with the fertilization, this aspect pointing out the differences between studied varieties. The triple interactions gradually reduce the influence of the factors, their combination being very significant in the case year X sowing distance X variety. The spatial comparative analysis of the three experimental years presents an overlap in the median area of the PCA ordering of the 12.5 cm sowing distance, fertilized with N50P50 with the 25 cm sowing distance fertilized with N100P50. There are differences between the oat varieties regarding the reaction to the nitrogen fertilization, highlighting especially the Mureşana variety where comparable yields are obtained on both levels of fertilization: 5.18 t ha−1 (N50P50) and 5.59 t ha−1 (N100P50).
Net blotch disease caused by Pyrenophora teres is one of the most damaging fungal diseases of barley crop. This study screened comparatively the effectiveness of eleven fungicide products applied to malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L. conv. distichum Alef.) cultivar ‘Daciana’ in conditions from Transylvania. After fungicide treatment, the net blotch disease index decreased an average of 70.37-78.04% relative to untreated control. Fungicide application ensured an average of 28.66% grain yield increase, 7.51% thousand grains weight increase and 4.36% grain starch content increase relative to untreated control. Top performance was obtained by using products that contained demethylation inhibitors targeting sterol biosynthesis in combination with other active substances with a different mode of action particularly targeting mitochondrial respiration. It is a difficult task to achieve top performance on all dimensions: strict disease suppression, high quantity and quality grain yields. Preventing the occurrence of pathogen resistance to fungicide and minimizing negative effect on crop as well as remanence in the plant, are the main challenges for fungicide use and should receive further attention.
The flag leaf can be an important vehicle for high grain yield due to its position and photosynthetic characteristics. To identify the most adaptive and stable yielding genotype, three winter wheat genotypes were studied during two experimental years under field conditions to quantify the influence of flag leaf removal in different phenological stages on the grain yield and grain quality. To quantify the influence of the flag leaf on the main yield components, the flag leaf was removed every 7 days, starting from the booting stage to ripening. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids were determined from the removed leaves. As a complex trait, the number of grains/spikes and the weight of the grains/spikes were highly influenced by the flag leaf removal during the early generative stages, causing a yield loss from 9% to more than 40%, depending on the variety. It was established that the photosynthetic pigments were highly influenced by the plant phenology stages and the environmental conditions, especially carotenoids, which act as photoprotective and antioxidant agents under stress conditions. Regarding grain quality, flag leaf removal had a significant influence on the accumulation of grain protein and the wet gluten content, the variability of these quantitative traits being also influenced by the climatic conditions.
In order to evaluate the influence of preceding crops and different inoculants applied to seeds, on some quality parameters (protein, fat and four fatty acids content: stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic) at three soybean varieties from 00 maturity group, a field polifactorial experiment was carried out in 2020, in the North West part of Romania (Amați village, Satu Mare county). The experiment was based on a split plot design, using plots of 700 m2, on clay-loam soil, with a lower fertility potential. Three factors were analyzed in the experiment: the preceding crops with two graduation, inoculants for soybean seeds with two graduation and soybean varieties with 3 graduations. Onix, Felix and Cristina TD soybean varieties developed at Research and Development Station for Agriculture Turda (RDSA Turda) were used as a biological material. The chemical composition of soybean seeds was especially influenced by the genetic factor. A slightly increase in protein content was identified for Cristina TD variety, in the experimental variant with soybean included in 5 years rotation and when the seeds were inoculated with Polyriz S.
Barley breeding laboratory from ARDS Turda created many varieties of spring barley in two rows with superior brewing qualities of which the best quality are grown on large areas. Of varieties obtained from ARDS Turda: Dac iana, Capriana, Jubileu and Romaniţa, the last two are high quality and productive. They maintained their superior qualities during several years of experimentation in different localities. These two varieties are genetically stable in terms of varietal purity correspond to the current rules EU. Spring barley varietes with two rows Daciana and Romaniţa have a high ecological plasticity and can be grown on different areas which can range in climate and soil. These two varietes have superior qualities than older local and foreign varietes, with a very good rezistance to fallen, feature very important to malting barley. This phenomenon is important because greatly depreciates the grain quality and reduce production. Characteristics of barley for beer: varieties containing less than 12.5% protein; varieties with high starch content 60%; varieties with greater than 95% germination energy. Daciana and Romaniţa are superior varietes for brewing and have a low percentage of protein between 10,9-12%. Percentage of starch is high an is between 61-62,3% of dry weight and have a high production potential.
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