The study was expected to provide information poly ethylene glycol (PEG) concentration that can be used for plant breeding base rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant. The research was conducted covering two experimentals stage, were (i). Tests of dry stress resistance of six cultivars of rice using PEG 6000, and (ii). Emerged test seeds of six rice cultivars that have been subjected to dry stress with PEG 6000. The treatments were designed based on a complete randomized design of two factors. The first factor used six cultivars of rice were cv.Mekongga, cv. Way Apo Buru, cv. Sidenuk, cv. Pepe, cv. Ciherang and cv. IR64. and the second factor was dry stress [(0, 5, 10 and 15) % of PEG] with replicates three times. The higher concentration of PEG lowered growth rate (GR), emergence rate (ER), germination energy (GE) and the relative germination rate on all cultivars of rice. Germinate the longer time, appropriate concentrations of PEG. Test of pre-emergence on soil giving the mixed response on all cultivars of rice and PEG level. Cv. Mekongga, cv. Sidenuk, cv. Pepe and cv. Ciherang have the ability to grow on soil test. Canopy and root length highest on cv. IR64. Cv. Sidenuk popularity score can be classified moderate tolerance, while cv. Pepe that was sensitive to drought stress.
Abstract. Narrow genetic diversity is a main problem restricting the progress of soybean breeding. One way to improve genetic diversity of plant is through mutation. The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of different dose of gamma rays as induced mutagen on physiological, morphological, and anatomical markers during seed germination and seedling growth of soybean. Seeds of soybean cultivars Dering-1 were irradiated with 11 doses of gamma rays (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640, 1280, and 2560 Gy [Gray]. The research design was arranged in a completely randomized block design in three replicates. Results showed that soybean seed exposed at high doses (640, 1280, and 2560 Gy) did not survive more than 20 days, the doses were then removed from anatomical evaluation. Higher doses of gamma rays siginificantly reduced germination percentage at the first count and final count, coefficient of germination velocity, germination rate index, germination index, seedling height and seedling root length, and significantly increased mean germination time, first day of germination, last day of germination, and time spread of germination. However, the effects of gamma rays were varies for density, width, and length of stomata. The LD 50 obtained based on survival percentage was 314.78 Gy. It can be concluded that very low and low doses of gamma rays (5-320 Gy) might be used to study the improvement of soybean diversity.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh dosis mulsa dan sistem tanam rumput dan legum pada tanah salin terhadap pertumbuhan, produksi hijauan dan kualitas rumput benggala. Tanah salin pada percobaan ini diklasifikasikan dalam tanah sangat salin dengan kesuburan tanah yang rendah. Rancangan percobaan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan 3 kelompok. Perlakuan adalah penanaman rumput benggala : M1 = monokultur, tanpa mulsa, M2 = monokultur, mulsa 3 ton/ha, M3 = monokultur, mulsa 6 ton/ha, M4 = tumpangsari dengan legum turi, tanpa mulsa, M5 = tumpangsari dengan turi, mulsa 3 ton/ha, M6 = tumpangsari dengan turi, mulsa 6 ton/ha. Data yang diperoleh diolah dengan analisis ragam dilanjutkan dengan uji wilayah berganda Duncan. Kadar air tanah tertinggi ditemukan pada perlakuan tumpang sari rumput dan legum dengan mulsa 6 ton/ha. Pertumbuhan, produksi dan kualitas hijauan rumput benggala tertinggi pada perlakuan dengan mulsa. Aplikasi mulsa 3 ton/ha pada tanah salin sudah meningkatkan pertumbuhan, produksi dan kualitas hijauan rumput benggala. Tumpangsari rumput dan turi tidak mempengaruhi pertumbuhan, produksi dan kualitas hijauan rumput benggala pada tanah salin.Kata kunci : mulsa, produksi, rumput benggala, tanah salin, tumpangsari ABSTRACTThe research was conducted to evaluate the effect of mulch and mixed cropping grass -legume at saline soil on growth, forage yield and nutritional quality of guinea grass. Saline soil used in this research was classified into strongly saline soil with low soil fertility. The research was arrranged in randomized complete block design with 3 blocks. The treatments were : M1 = guinea grass monoculture, without mulch; M2 = guinea grass monoculture, 3 ton/ha mulch; M3 = guinea grass monoculture, 6 ton/ha mulch, M4 = mixed cropping grass with Sesbania grandiflora, without mulch; M5 = mixed cropping grass with Sesbania grandiflora, 3 ton/ha mulch; M6 = mixed cropping grass with Sesbania grandiflora, 6 ton/ha mulch. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, then followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The highest soil moisture content was achieved at mixed cropping grasslegume with 6 ton/ha of mulch. The effect of mulch at saline soil significantly increased plant growth, forage yield and nutritional quality of guinea grass. Application of 3 ton/ha mulch increased plant growth, forage yield and nutritional quality of guinea grass. Plant growth, forage yield and nutritional quality of guinea grass were not affected by monoculture or mixed cropping with Sesbania at saline soil.
Abstract. The research was done to find out theeffect of manure and N dosage on chlorophyll content, plant height, crop growth rate (CGR), forage yield, dry matter ((DM) yield and DM content of BrachiariabrizanthaStapf. The experiment used manure (0 and 5 ton/ha) and nitrogen dosage (50, 100, 150 kg N ha -1 ) set in factorial design 2 x 3, repeated three times. The result showed that manure increased chlorophyll content, plant height, CGR, forage yield, DM yield and DM content. N dosage increased chlorophyll content, plant height, CGR, forage yield, DM yield and DM content. The interaction between manure and N dosage increased chlorophyll content, plant height, CGR, forage yield, DM yield and DM content. The result showed that manure usage and nitrogen dosage 150 kg N ha -1 increased chlorophyll content, plant height, CGR, forage yield, DM yield and DM content in the amount of 27.5; 20.5; 98.4; 68.5; 103.4 and 20.5% compared to without manure and nitrogen dosage in the amount of 150 kg N ha -1 .
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