Résumé La prise en compte des affects dans la conception et l’évaluation des technologies est un sujet important depuis quelques années. Cependant, cette démarche soulève encore de nombreuses questions du point de vue théorique et méthodologique. Le but de cet article est de contribuer à identifier les fondements d’une telle démarche. La première partie de l’article est consacrée à la place accordée aux affects dans l’évaluation à partir d’une analyse des travaux sur l’évaluation de l’acceptabilité et de l’expérience utilisateur. Par ailleurs, nous discutons de la relation entre les qualités instrumentales d’un outil et les affects de l’utilisateur ainsi que de l’apport et des limites des différentes méthodes d’analyse des affects. La dernière partie de l’article présente quelques perspectives de recherche sur ces questions.
This paper argues that the two factors of valence and activation, commonly recovered from factor studies on emotion and mood inventories, are best represented within a single nonlinear model, than as two independent factors. Arguments are provided that, as valence goes from positive to negative value, activation increases then decreases, thus displaying a inverse-U shaped relationship. This model appears in good agreement with classical and well-established models of emotion and stress management (Lazarus (1999), Seligman (1972), Selye (1956)), while providing a more synthetic and integrated view. Psychometric arguments are given about why such a structure results in two factors using principal component analysis. The same arguments also explain why circular patterns of variables and person points commonly emerge in these analyses, and why they should be regarded as statistical artifacts. The new model has important consequences on the way emotional states should be measured and a practical assessment procedure is detailed.
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