Objectives A multicentre survey was designed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on dental practice worldwide, estimate the COVID-19 related symptoms/signs, work attitudes and behaviour and the routine use of protective measures and personal protective equipment (PPE). Methods A global survey using a standardized questionnaire with research groups from 36 countries was designed. The questionnaire was developed and pretested during April 2020 and contained three domains: 1) personal data; 2) COVID-19 positive rate and symptoms/signs presumably related to the coronavirus; 3) working conditions and PPE adopted after the outbreak. Countries’ data were grouped by the country positive rate (CPR) during the survey period and by Gross-National-Income per capita. An ordinal multinomial logistic regression model was carried out with COVID-19 self-reported rate referred by dental professionals as dependent variable to assess the association with questionnaire items. Results A total of 52,491 questionnaires were returned with a male/female ratio of 0.63. Out of the total respondents, 7,859 dental professionals (15%) reported symptoms/signs compatible with COVID-19. More than half of the sample (n=27,818; 53%) stated to use FFP2/N95 masks, while 21,558 (41.07%) used eye protection. In the bivariate analysis, CPR and N95/FFP2 were significantly associated (OR=1.80 95% CI=1.60/2.82 and OR=5.20 95% CI=1.44/18.80, respectively), while Gross-National-Income was not statistically associated with CPR (OR=1.09 95% CI=0.97/1.60). The same significant associations were observed in the multivariate analysis . Conclusions Oral health service provision has not been significantly affected by COVID-19, although access to routine dental care was reduced due to country-specific temporary lockdown periods. While the dental profession has been identified at high-risk, the reported rates of COVID-19 for dental professionals were not significantly different to those reported for the general population in each country. These findings may help to better plan oral health care for future pandemic events.
Breast reconstruction has been affirmed as part of the treatment for locally advanced breast tumor, and the development of new techniques has been providing better results and widening surgical indications. The objective of this work was to establish and discuss the different criteria that are related to this indication, mainly in what refers to the timing for the procedure. Oncological, clinical and psychological aspects are evaluated according to experience accumulated in recent years, with immediate and delayed reconstruction, carried out in the most diverse specialized centers. The authors conclude that, in reference to the safety and benefits of immediate reconstruction, it would be indicated for any patient who wants it and presents favorable clinical and psychological conditions, without having any absolute contraindication from the oncological point of view.
Santiago do Chile é um exemplo de concentração de poder político, atividades econômicas e problemas socioambientais na América Latina. Por meio da análise de imagens de satélite e simulações microclimáticas utilizando o modelo ENVI-met, o objetivo foi analisar as transformações dos usos e cobertura do solo associadas à sua recente urbanização à escala das Zonas Climáticas Locais e seus atributos térmicos e ventilação, em duas comunas com desenhos distintos: Estación Central, de classe média baixa com os chamados “guetos verticais”, e Vitacura, de classe alta com o chamado “Sanhattan”. Enquanto o crescimento urbano desordenado com edifícios de 100 m de altura em Estación Central modificou adversamente o clima urbano, aumentando os pontos de calor, reduzindo a umidade e dificultando a ventilação, em Vitacura os edifícios coexistem em harmonia com a infraestrutura verde, avenidas largas e arborização.
Dedicated to Prof. Dr.‐Ing. habil. Joachim Lindner on the occasion of his 80th birthday The aesthetical and structural advantages of tubular structural elements sustained the increase in their use in Brazil in last decades. The joints between tubular members remain a critical issue, with many studies indicating that further research is still needed, particularly for some geometries. In the past, some experiments on the influence of the chord stresses over the brace load capacity were published, but a definitive answer to this design issues was not reached. The first part of this paper presents an experimental evaluation centred on the effect of tension and compression chord stresses over RHS chord to SHS braces T‐joints. The results showed that compressive chord stresses could considerably reduce the joint resistance. In contrast, when tension chord stresses are applied the joint resistance increases but this is still not considered in the design codes. Still considering the tubular joints structural behaviour, there are cases where the ultimate resistance of the tubular joints may be enhanced by using flange plates as reinforcement, instead of replacing the chord or braces with stronger sections. Bearing this scenario in mind, the second part of this paper presents some experimental results of SHS T‐joints reinforced with flange plates to achieve a more economical design. The results showed that the joint resistance could be increased about 88 % using the reinforced plate with the same thickness of the chord profile.
External ultrasound-assisted liposuction (XUAL) is a new technique that requires traditional aspirative liposuction after the application of high frequency ultrasonic fields delivered through the skin into a wetted tissue. Initial data suggest that it has some advantages over the traditional procedure, especially regarding the achievement of less traumatic surgery with superior clinical outcome. This preliminary report describes a comparative study between conventional liposuction and the external ultrasound-assisted technique as the modality of treatment for fat deposits in 65 bilateral anatomical areas. The results showed considerable superiority of the ultrasound-assisted series. We found less resistance to the canulla with more rapid removal of fat and the aspirated tissue showed less blood content with intact viable fat cells. Patients report less pain and discomfort on the ultrasound-treated sides and we found less swelling and bruising, with superior skin shrinkage. Clinical recovery was also enhanced by the external ultrasound and no complications were reported with the technique.
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