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This work aims to demonstrate the importance of hydrothermal alkaline sulfite pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse in the delivery of fermentable sugars. The pretreatment conditions, namely sodium sulfite loads (5.0-10.0 wt%), temperatures (140-160 1C) and reaction times (30-60 min), were tested according to the full factorial design of experiments. The employed pretreatment was characterized by high lignin removal (43-77 wt%) and partial extraction of xylans (up to 25.0 wt%), mainly by cleavage of acetyl and arabinosyl groups. After 72 h of enzymatic hydrolysis with 10 FPU (filter paper unit) cellulase and 10 CBU (cellobiose unit) b-glucosidase per g of pretreated bagasse, the conversion of the carbohydrate-enriched substrates was in the range of 51 to 80 mol% for cellulose and 45 to 71 mol% for xylans. The best hydrothermal alkaline sulfite pretreatment conditions (10.0 wt% sulfite load, 150 1C and 45 min) were found to be highly efficient for the delivery of fermentable sugars with a yield as high as 40.4 AE 1.9 g for 100 g native bagasse.

The objective of this study was to characterize the dairy production systems of the southeastern and northeastern mesoregions of Pará state. A total of 112 questionnaires were administered on rural properties with dairy cow milk production in the municipalities of Ulianópolis and Irituia from April to May 2013. The activity was conducted mainly by men between 36 and 70 years of age. The education level was low, with 67% of the cattle breeders having incomplete basic education and 20.5% being illiterate. Regarding herd feeding, only 19.6% of the breeders used energy supplements, and 13.39% used roughage supplements. Sanitation control was performed by 99.1% of the breeders, with vaccines against foot and mouth disease and brucellosis being the most common vaccines because they are mandatory. Milking was performed manually on 98.2% of the properties, and pre-dipping and post-dipping techniques were used on only 2.7% and 3.6% of the properties, respectively. Regarding management, 84.8% of the breeders did not perform financial planning, and 99.1% did not have a defined chart of accounts and cost centres and were unaware of their production costs. Average herd productivity was 4.34 L cow -1 day -1 , with average production varying between 30 L day -1 in units with fewer than 10 lactating cows and 355 L day -1 in those with over 55 cows. Age and education level were shown to hinder the access to knowledge and technological innovations in products, processes and management. Key words: Amazonia. Cow milk production. Competitiveness. Production systems. ResumoObjetivou-se com este estudo a caracterização dos sistemas de produção de leite das mesorregiões sudeste e nordeste paraense. com bovinocultura leiteira nos municípios de Ulianópolis e Irituia, entre os meses de abril e maio de 2013. A atividade era conduzida predominantemente por homens, com idade variando entre 36 a 70 anos. O nível de escolaridade identificado foi baixo, onde 67% dos pecuaristas possuiam ensino fundamental incompleto e 20,5% eram analfabetos. Com relação à alimentação do rebanho, apenas 19,6% realizavam suplementação com concentrado e 13,39% com volumoso. O controle sanitário era realizado por 99,1% dos produtores, sendo as vacinas contra febre aftosa e brucelose as mais aplicadas por serem obrigatórias. Em 98,2% das propriedades a ordenha era realizada de forma manual, sendo que apenas 2,7% e 3,6% respectivamente faziam uso das técnicas de pré-dipping, e pós-dipping. Quanto à gestão 84,8% não realizavam a composição do planejamento financeiro e 99,1% não possuíam plano de contas e centro de custos definidos, desconhecendo o custo de produção. A produtividade média do rebanho foi de 4,34 (L vaca -1 dia -1 ), com produção média variando entre 30 L dia -1 em unidades com menos de 10 vacas em lactação e 355 litros naquelas com mais de 55 vacas. Verificou-se que variáveis idade e escolaridade compromete o acesso ao conhecimento e as inovações tecnológicas de produtos, processos e gestão. Palavras-chave: Amazônia. Bovinocultura leiteira. Comp...

-The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and yield of three sugarcane cultivars grown under Af climate conditions. Three sugarcane cultivars were examined, namely, IACSP93-6006, RB83-5486, and SP79-1011, in a randomized block design with three treatments, four blocks, and two replicates per block; means were compared using Tukey's test at 5% probability level. Significant differences were observed for dry matter, ether extract, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, lignin (LIG), cellulose, neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap), total carbohydrates, carbohydrate fractions B2 and C, and dry matter yield. The fiber components (NDFap, LIG, and fraction C) displayed low values. The cultivars produced high dry matter yields, especially IACSP93-6006 and SP79-1011. There were no differences among sucrose (Pol) values and the NDF/Pol ratios. The low Pol values indicate that sugarcane grown under Af climate conditions does not produce high levels of sucrose. The three sugarcane cultivars grown under the Af climate conditions produce high yields of DM/ha but low concentrations of the fiber components, as well as low Pol concentrations.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Low back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal symptoms in industrialized societies, according to the World Health Organization. This study aimed at investigating the prevalence of low back pain among bodybuilding professors of fitness centers of the city of Rio de Janeiro and at observing correlations between age, working time, working hours and low back pain intensity. METHODS: The adapted questionnaire of the Quebec Pain Disability Scale was applied to 50 physical education professors of both genders (age=31.86±6.86 years) working with bodybuilding in fitness centers, with minimum weekly working hours of 12h, and at least three years acting in the area. This was a survey-type descriptive cross-sectional study. RESULTS: From 50 interviewed professors, 62% have stated not feeling any type of lumbar discomfort, while just 38% have stated feeling some type of pain. From these, 20% have stated feeling daily pain, 6% weekly and 12% have reported monthly pain. About pain intensity in its worst moment, 14% have stated it is mild, 20% moderate and just 6% have reported severe pain. There has been positive and significant correlation (p<0.05) between age and working time and between working time and low back pain intensity. CONCLUSION: Low back pain prevalence was not high among interviewed professionals. Results show that older individuals working for a longer time are those with more severe low back pain.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do probiótico Saccharomyces boulardii na modulação da resposta imune humoral de animais expostos a antígenos de Leishmania infantum. Para isso, 16 camundongos BALB/c foram imunizados com antígeno particulado de Leishmania infantum e divididos em dois grupos experimentais, um composto por animais suplementados e outro por animais não suplementados com o probiótico. Amostras de sangue dos animais foram colhidas semanalmente durante o período experimental e submetidas ao Ensaio da Imunoabsorbância Ligado à Enzima indireto para avaliação dos títulos de IgG totais e o perfil dos isotipos de IgG produzidos (IgG1 e IgG2a). A suplementação com o probiótico não exacerbou a produção de IgG total em comparação ao grupo controle, não havendo diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos. Porém, as soroconversões de IgG2a foram mais elevadas no grupo suplementado, no qual registrou-se um aumento de 1,46 vezes no final do experimento. Assim, a suplementação com S. boulardii foi capaz de modular a resposta de IgG2a/IgG1 nos animais expostos aos antígenos de Leishmania infantum.

O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma experiência de ensino de PLAc para os indígenas Warao, em projeto de extensão da Universidade Federal do Pará (que teve início em janeiro e término em dezembro de 2018). Desde 2014, os Warao estão migrando da Venezuela para o Brasil por causa da crise econômica no país deles. Com o fim de favorecer as relações entre os Warao e a sociedade brasileira, começamos a ensinar português para eles no abrigo onde moravam. Para o ensino de PLAc, utilizamos das abordagens comunicativa e intercultural com base em autores como Caels (2016), Lopez (2016), Costa e Taño (2017), Cardoso (2018), São Bernardo e Barbosa (2018) e Bulegon e Soares (2019). As reflexões feitas indicam que é imprescindível conhecer e valorizar o perfil sociolinguístico dos alunos, além de abrir espaço para que eles reflitam e promovam ações com reflexos diretos no cotidiano.

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