New citation: conclusions changed We include seven new studies in our review update. We have excluded 15 previously-included studies from the update. Our conclusions now include strength-of-evidence recommendations and have been updated. 30 October 2018 Updated A new review team has updated this review and metaanalysis. We compared non-invasive positive pressure ventilation to standard medical care for acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. Our inclusion criteria have been updated and we include RCTs only. We performed our updated literature search from database inception to 20 September 2018. We identified new articles for inclusion and have fully revised this systematic review. History 0416 Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema

Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema.

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Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Data collection and analysisTwo authors extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. Meta-analyses using the random-e ects model were conducted for nine outcomes. Relative risk (RR) and mean di erence (MD) or standardized mean di erence (SMD) were used to estimate the treatment e ect, with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

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