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Avaliou-se a validade relativa dos indicadores de práticas alimentares do questionário utilizado na Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) entre adolescentes da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Foram estudados 174 alunos. Foram avaliados os indicadores: a ingestão regular (≥ 5 vezes/semana) dos alimentos marcadores de alimentação saudável, marcadores de alimentação não saudável e as rotinas alimentares: realizar refeição com responsável (REFEIÇÃO), realizar o desjejum (DESJEJUM) e comer enquanto estuda ou assiste à TV. Foram comparados os resultados do questionário e dos três recordatórios de 24 horas. Para todos os marcadores de alimentação saudável, não houve diferença na proporção de ingestão regular de acordo com os dois métodos. As frequências geradas pelo questionário foram superiores para os indicadores salgadinhos de pacote e biscoitos salgados e mais baixas para embutidos e REFEIÇÃO. Os indicadores de consumo regular de marcadores de alimentação saudável e aquele referente a DESJEJUM foram os que apresentaram maior acurácia. Os indicadores de práticas alimentares utilizados pela PeNSE apresentaram validade satisfatória.

Dietary iron requirements in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) remain unclear. SCD is a neglected hemoglobinopathy characterized by intense erythropoietic activity and anemia. Hepcidin is the hormone mainly responsible for iron homeostasis and intestinal absorption. Intense erythropoietic activity and anemia may reduce hepcidin transcription. By contrast, iron overload and inflammation may induce it. Studies on SCD have not evaluated the role of hepcidin in the presence and absence of iron overload. We aimed to compare serum hepcidin concentrations among individuals with sickle cell anemia, with or without iron overload, and those without the disease. Markers of iron metabolism and erythropoietic activity such as hepcidin, ferritin, and growth differentiation factor 15 were evaluated. Three groups participated in the study: the control group, comprised of individuals without SCD (C); those with the disease but without iron overload (SCDw); and those with the disease and iron overload (SCDio). Results showed that hepcidin concentration was higher in the SCDio > C > SCDw group. These data suggest that the dietary iron intake of the SCDio group should not be reduced as higher hepcidin concentrations may reduce the intestinal absorption of iron.

RESUMOObjetivo: Identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) em adolescentes de uma coorte. Sujeitos e métodos: Estudo transversal com 1.716 adolescentes, de 10 a 16 anos, participantes de um estudo de coorte. Os dados sociodemográficos, econômicos e de estilo de vida foram obtidos por meio de entrevista e os dados referentes ao nascimento e à infância foram obtidos na linha de base. Foram considerados hipertensos os adolescentes que apresentaram pressão arterial sistólica e/ou diastólica acima do percentil 95, segundo a classificação preconizada pelo Second Task Force High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. O estado nutricional foi diagnosticado pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC), segundo o escore z. O perímetro da cintura foi medido ao nível da cintura natural. A associação da HAS com as variáveis explicativas foi estimada por regressão logística. Resultados: Os entrevistados correspondem a 71,4% dos avaliados na linha de base, sendo 50,7% do sexo masculino. A prevalência global de HAS foi de 11,7%. Na análise ajustada para idade, sexo e cor de pele, a hipertensão arterial associou-se à obesidade [OR = 2,27; IC (95%) = 1,64-3,14], mas não ao perímetro da cintura, que, após ajuste para o IMC, perdeu a associação. Os eventos precoces na vida não foram associados à HAS na adolescência. Conclusão: Os resultados enfatizam a obesidade como principal fator associado à HAS em adolescentes. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2013;57(7):520-6 Descritores Adolescentes; hipertensão; fatores de risco; obesidade ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension in adolescents. Subjects and methods: Cross-sectional study of 1,716 adolescents of a cohort study, aged from 10 to 16 years old sociodemographic, economic, and lifestyle characteristics were obtained from an interview, and birth weight from hospital records. Hypertension was defined as systolic or diastolic blood pressure above the 95 th percentile according to the classification recommended by the Second Task Force High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. Nutritional status was diagnosed by body mass index (BMI), according to the z score from curves published by the World Health Organization. Waist circumference was measured at the natural waist. The association between hypertension and the explanatory variables was measured using logistic regression. Results: The adolescents interviewed represent 71.4% of the baseline, and 50.7% of them were males. The prevalence of hypertension was 11.7%. In the multivariate analysis, after adjustment for age sex and skin color, hypertension was associated with obesity [OR = 2.27, (95%) CI = 1.64 to 3.14] but not associated with waist circumference after adjusting for BMI. Early life factors were not associated with hypertension in adolescence. Conclusion: The results show an association between obesity and hypertension among adolescents. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2013;57(7):520-6

Resumo As tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) apresentam o potencial de melhorar a gestão da informação, o acesso a serviços de saúde, a qualidade do cuidado prestado, a continuidade dos serviços, e a contenção de custos. Além disso, fornecem uma oportunidade singular para a promoção de estilos de vida saudáveis e valorização de iniciativas de políticas de saúde pública, atingindo simultaneamente um grande público. O objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar as experiências do uso das TIC na área da Nutrição, além de refletir sobre seus os impactos e desafios. Verificaram-se um contínuo avanço e difusão do uso das TIC na área de nutrição, as quais são utilizadas como ferramentas de educação em saúde, de registro e de informação em saúde, além de apoiarem a tomada de decisões clínicas por profissionais e de serviços de saúde. Contudo, as limitações no emprego das tecnologias de informação e comunicação em nutrição devem ser levadas em consideração, uma vez que dependem do acesso dos potenciais beneficiários a ferramentas de comunicação, da motivação e aptidão para seu manuseio e dos custos de sua execução. Palavras-chave:

Children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) often exhibit nutritional deficiencies and are at high risk of dying before the age of 5 years. Ensuring adequate nutrition is a critical part of health care for such children. This study aimed to investigate the association between nutritional status, nutrient intake, and food diversity in children with SCA. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 74 children with SCA, between 24 and 71 months of age. Anthropometric measurements, food and nutrients consumption were determined. The prevalence of low weight, stunting, and overweight/obesity were 16.2%, 35.1%, and 16.2%, respectively. Mean folic acid intake was low (49.05%±51.22%), whereas the intakes of protein (426.71%±171.93%), retinol (292.97%±403.88%), phosphorus (204.55%±151.35%), magnesium (233.02%±151.14%), iron (250.76%±165.81%), and zinc (243.21%±148.40%) were high. The dietary phosphorus/protein ratio was high for 31.1% of the children, and 44.6% of the children had low dietary diversity score. No correlation was found between food diversity, nutrient adequacy, and nutritional status. Despite the adequacy of the intake of most micronutrients, diet quality was inadequate, constituting mainly ultraprocessed foods. Knowing the food consumption pattern of these children enables a more resolute nutritional intervention.

The present study evaluated the promotion of natural/minimally processed foods (N/MPF) subgroups advertised in supermarket circulars by considering supermarket features and circular typology. We analyzed circulars published by five supermarket chains in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro (June/2019-May/2020) and present data on the socioeconomic coverage and profile of the supermarkets and the types of circulars. Of the 68,110 types of foods, 30.6% were N/MPF. Meat/eggs were the most promoted ones (42.3%), followed by fruits/vegetables (20.2%), which were more often advertised by produce shop circulars. Dairy products, cereals/flours/pasta and beverages/infusions made up around 10.0% of the ads. Legumes (3.8%), spices and mushrooms (0.2%) and oilseeds (0.1%) were rarely promoted. Statistically significant differences were found in the promotion of subgroups according to supermarket coverage and their socioeconomic profiles. Fruits/vegetables were more often advertised by national chains and aimed at a high-income public than by local companies and aimed at a low/middle-income public. Promotion of N/MPF subgroups was disproportional due to differences among chains and types of circulars. As a result, a discussion on the regulation of food promotion in food retail is required.