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The Internet of Things (IoT) is a paradigm in which smart objects actively collaborate with other physical and virtual resources available in the Internet. IoT environments are characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity, encompassing devices with different capabilities, functionalities, and network protocols. To address such a heterogeneity, some platforms have been proposed aiming at abstracting away the specificities of such devices and promoting interoperability among them. Nevertheless, the lack of standardization in IoT makes these platforms to often not properly address several important requirements in this context. In this context, reference architectures can define an initial set of building blocks for IoT environments and to provide a solid foundation for leveraging its wide adoption. In this paper, we introduce two recent reference architectures for IoT, namely the IoT Architectural Reference Model and the architecture proposed by WSO2. By analyzing the characteristics of these architectures, we intend to shed light on important issues for future research on reference architectures for IoT.

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are distributed systems whose main goal is to collect and deliver data to applications. This paper proposes a reflective, service-oriented middleware for WSN. The middleware provides an abstraction layer between applications and the underlying network infrastructure and it also keeps the balance between application QoS requirements and the network lifetime. It monitors both network and application execution states, performing a network adaptation whenever it is needed. Simulation results show that the network residual energy can be increased in more than 100% when adopting an adaptation strategy, while the application QoS requirement is respected.