Salivary gland tumors consist of a group of heterogeneous lesions with complex clinicopathological characteristics and distinct biological behaviors. Worldwide series show a contrast in the relative incidence of salivary gland tumors, with some discrepancies in clinicopathological data. The main aim of this study was to describe demographic characteristics of 599 cases in a population from Central Brazil over a 10-year period and compare these with other epidemiological studies. Benign tumors represented 78.3% of the cases. Women were the most affected (61%) and the male:female ratio was 1:1.6. Parotid gland tumors were the most frequent (68.5% of cases) and patient age ranged from 1 to 88 years-old (median of 45 years old). The most frequent tumors were pleomorphic adenomas (68.4%) and benign tumors were significantly more frequent in the parotid (75.9%), while malignant tumors were more frequent in the minor salivary glands (40%) (P \ 0.05). In conclusion, women and the parotid gland were the most affected and pleomorphic adenoma was the most frequent lesion, followed by adenoid cystic carcinoma and Warthin's tumor.

This report suggests, that although they could be different types of hypertension or an evaluation of the same disease, the final pathway that leads to microscopic lesions in the placenta is the same, with only different intensity due to the severity of the disease.

No abstract

Transplanted organs may act as a route of transmission of infectious diseases, such as Chagas' disease. The aim of this study was to describe the transmission of the Trypanosoma cruzi through a renal transplant and the anatomo-clinical evolution of the patient after treatment with benzonidazole. The patient was a 31-year-old white male from the State of Minas Gerais in Brazil. He had renal failure secondary to diabetes and later received a kidney from a cadaveric donor. The patient was undergoing immunosuppression therapy with azathioprine, cyclosporine A, and prednisone. After the transplant, he developed an acute phase of Chagas' disease and complications from diabetes and died 2 months later. In the autopsy, T cruzi amastigotes were found in the transplanted kidney, heart, bladder, liver, and pancreas. An important reduction in the parasitemia was obtained through the treatment of the infection with benzonidazole; however, the patient died due to complications from diabetes associated with tissue lesions caused by T cruzi.

A century after the discovery of Chagas disease, studies are still needed to establish the complex pathophysiology of this disease. However, it is known that several proteins and molecules are related to the establishment of this disease, its evolution, and the appearance of its different clinical forms. Metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors, galectins, and TGF-β are involved in the process of infection and consequently the development of myocarditis, tissue remodeling, and fibrosis upon infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. Thus, considering that the heart is one of the main target organs in Chagas disease, knowledge regarding the mechanisms of action of these molecules is essential to understand how they interact and trigger local and systemic reactions and, consequently, determine whether they contribute to the development of Chagas' heart disease. In this sense, it is believed that the inflammatory microenvironment caused by the infection alters the expression of these proteins favoring progression of the host-parasite cycle and thereby stimulating cardiac tissue remodeling mechanisms and fibrosis. The aim of this review was to gather information on metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors, galectins, and TGF-β and discuss how these molecules and their different interrelationships contribute to the development of Chagas' heart disease.

-The aim of this paper was to describe the occurrence and morphology of neurocysticercosis (NCC) in autopsies. We revised 2218 autopsies performed at the School Hospital from Federal Unversity of Triangulo Mineiro, 1970Mineiro, -2003. Data referring to age, gender and color of patients were reported and NCC was microscopically and macroscopically analyzed. We found 53 (2.4%) NCC cases. The mean age was 50 years old, 34 (64.1%) individuals were male and 36 (67.9%) white. Macroscopically, 17 cysticerci were analyzed. The most frequent location was meningocortical in 12 (70.6%) cases. Microscopically, the cysticerci presented an ovoid shape, containing the larvae preserved in 4 (23.5%) cases or in destruction degrees in 13 (76.5%) cases. Therefore, in NCC was found several general pathologic processes (necrosis, interstitial deposits, fibrosis, gliosis, inflammation) amongst which are highlighted beta-fibrillose in 13 (76.5%) cases associated to inflammatory process in 16 (94.1%) cases caused by the parasite, not yet related to NCC, and calcification present in viable and destruction parasites.KEY WORDS: autopsy neurocysticercosis, general pathologic processes, cysticercosis, central nervous system. Aspectos anatomopatológicos da neurocisticercose em pacientes autopsiadosRESUMO -O objetivo desse trabalho foi descrever ocorrência e morfologia da neurocisticercose (NCC) autópsias. Revisou-se 2218 autópsias realizadas no Hospital Escola da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), 1970-2003. Registrou-se idade, gênero e cor dos pacientes, analisou-se macroscopia e microscopia da NCC. Encontrou-se 53 (2,4%) casos de NCC. A média das idades foi 50 anos, sendo 34 (64,1%) do sexo masculino e 36 (67,9%) brancos, não havendo diferença significante na comparação da idade, gênero e cor dos pacientes. Analisou-se macroscopicamente 17 cisticercos. A localização mais comum foi a meningocortical em 12 (70,6%) casos. Microscopicamente, os cisticercos apresentaram forma oval contendo a larva íntegra em 4 (23,5%) casos ou em grau de destruição em 13 (76,5%) casos. Portanto, na NCC foram verificados vários processos patológicos gerais (necrose, depósitos intersticiais, fibrose, gliose, inflamação) destacando-se: beta-fibrilose em 13 (76,5%) casos associada ao processo inflamatório em 16(94,1%) casos causado pelo parasito, ainda não relatada na NCC, e calcificação presente no parasito viável e em destruição. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: autópsia, neurocisticercose, processos patológicos gerais, cisticercose, sistema nervoso central.Human cysticercosis occurs due to ingestion, with contaminated food, of eggs containing oncospheres. In the intestinal portion the oncospheres hatch, penetrate in the intestinal wall and disseminate through blood and lymph vessels until it gets to several tissues, however with great tropism to the central nervous system (CNS) 1,2 . Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is characterized by presenting several clinic manifestations 3 . The polymorphism of its clinic manifestations depends not only on its localization ...

Resumo São relatados cinco casos de pessoas picadas por abelhas africanizadas (AA). Quatro foram vítimas de múltiplas picadas variando de 25 a 60, que apresentaram cefaléia intensa, náuseas e vômitos, relacionados aos efeitos tóxicos do veneno, mas evoluíram bem. O outro caso foi vítima de uma única picada de AA e evoluiu para o óbito, por provável anafilaxia. Palavras-chaves: Abelha africanizada. Acidente humano. Anafilaxia. Múltiplas picadas. Veneno de abelha.Abstract It is report five cases of stings of africanized bees (AB). Four of them were vitims of multiple stings, varying from 25 to 60, that presented severe headache, nauseas and vomits, related to the clinic effect of the toxicity of the venom, with good evolution. The other case was victim of a single sting of AB and died after probable anaphylaxis. Key-words: Africanized bee. Human accident. Anaphylaxis. Multiple stings. Bee venom. . Há estudos sobre acidentes por múltiplas picadas de abelhas no Brasil 6 11 ; no entanto, a divulgação científica dos casos com menos de cem picadas não fatais tem sido pouco freqüente 3 . Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi relatar cinco casos de vítimas com menos de cem picadas de AA, sendo que um deles evoluiu para o óbito. RELATO DOS CASOSCaso 1 -53 anos, masculino, foi vítima de 25 picadas de abelhas, aproximadamente. Apresentou cefaléia intensa tipo queimação, náuseas, vômitos intensos, sudorese e tontura. Cerca de 5 horas após o acidente, tensão arterial 180x80mmHg, recebendo medicação sintomática. Evolução: no dia seguinte, sentiu dormência na cabeça com edema palpebral moderado.Caso 2 -28 anos, masculino, foi vítima de cinqüenta picadas de abelhas, aproximadamente. Apresentou cefaléia intensa tipo queimação, náuseas, vômitos intensos, astenia, dor muscular e nas articulações dos tornozelos, tremores intensos, tensão arterial 90x70mmHg e pulso 80 batimentos/ minuto. Evolução: reação inflamatória nos locais das picadas nas mãos durante quinze dias.

RESUMO O envelhecimento populacional no Brasil está associado às alterações na morbimortalidade da população. Nesse estudo, foi verificado as causas de morte e outros processos patológicos em idosos autopsiados. Os idosos com idade maior ou igual a 60 anos, no período de 1976 a 1998 representaram 394 casos (24,4%). A mediana da idade foi 69 (60 a 120) anos, sendo maior nas mulheres (70,5 versus 68 anos; p<0,05 O processo de transição demográfica caracterizado pela diminuição das taxas de mortalidade e de fecundidade tem proporcionado o aumento da população idosa mundial. Nos países desenvolvidos, ele ocorreu gradativamente, facilitando a adaptação às condições necessárias para assistir aos idosos 2 . No Brasil, esse processo intensificou-se a partir da década de 60, e a expectativa de vida ao nascer atingiu 68,6 anos em 2000. O processo de envelhecimento no Brasil está associado em geral, com as melhorias das condições médico-sanitárias, enquanto nos países desenvolvidos o processo está associado tanto com a evolução médico-sanitária como com a melhoria das condições de educação, saneamento básico, infra-estrutura, condições sócio-econômicas e outros fatores. Dessa forma, o Brasil apresenta sua população envelhecendo em curto prazo o que dificultou que as modificações para a atenção aos