Physical exercise is associated with lower t-FM, r-FM, and insulin resistance, which could contribute to the decrease of the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic conditions in individuals with c-SCI.
Objectives: Physical exercise has an important role in reducing body fat, risk of chronic disease and systemic inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine serum leptin and insulin concentrations and their relationship to the time of physical exercise after injury in men with cervical spinal cord injury (c-SCI). Methods: c-SCI subjects with lesion level in C5-C7 (n ¼ 25) were divided into two groups: physically active (PA, n ¼ 13; those who practiced physical exercise for at least 3 months, three times per week or more, for a total minimum of 150 min of physical activity per week) and non-physically active (N-PA, n ¼ 9). Body composition was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Blood samples were obtained 12 h after an overnight fast to measure insulin and leptin in serum, and glucose and C-reactive protein (CRP) in plasma, by validated methods. Results: Comparing the PA and N-PA group, the first presented lower: total body mass ( À13%), body mass index ( À16%), fat mass (kg À39%, FM% À30%), CRP ( À23%), serum insulin ( À61%), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA, À35%) and serum leptin ( À62%; Po0.05). Both serum insulin (r ¼ À0.561; Po0.05) and HOMA (r ¼ À0.591; Po005) were inversely proportional to the time of practice of physical activity after injury. Conclusion: Our results suggest that exercise was able to reduce fat mass and increase insulin sensitivity, decreasing plasma levels of risk factors in c-SCI subjects.
IntroductionBody composition assessment in cervical spinal cord injury (c-SCI) individuals is important to monitor the fat free-mass (FFM) loss, due to immobilization, or gain, due to exercise practice. Single frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (SF-BIA) is low in cost, simple and easy.ObjectivesThe aims of this study are: to evaluate the concordance between the FFM values obtained using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and the three SF-BIA previous predictive equations; and to test the applicability of the bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA).MethodsTwenty-three c-SCI males were divided into two groups: Physically active (PA; n = 13; at least 150 min/week) and non-active individuals (NPA) and were assessed by DXA and SF-BIA simultaneously.ResultsFFM values were similar between groups PA and NPA. Considering all participants, FFM values obtained by Kocina and Heyward (>11%) and Sun (<15.4%) predictive equations were different when compared to DXA (p < 0.01). However, Buchholz's et al. predictive equation showed FFM values similar to DXA, but presented poor concordance (<7%, p = 0.99; concordance coefficient = 0.85). BIVA showed consistency in ellipse distribution using FFM obtained using Buchholz et al. predictive equation.ConclusionsThe use of non-specific BIA equations can lead to misinterpretation in FFM values in male c-SCI individuals. Predictive equations for this group need to be developed.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of physical exercise practice on serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and PTH in spinal cord injured adult men (19–56 y, n = 25). Hours of training per week were estimated by using a self‐reported questionnaire. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and intact PTH were assessed by a chemiluminescent enzyme‐labeled immunometric assay. Serum 25(OH)D varied in a range between 27.5–107.5 nmol/L, being 15 subjects below 75 nmol/L and 3 subjects below 50 nmol/L. Serum iPTH was on average 44.9 ± 15.0 pg/mL and correlated negatively with 25(OH)D (r= −0.45, P<0.05). Hours of physical exercise practice was on average 9 ± 11 h/week. After controlling for age and time after injury, hours of training per week was positively correlated with serum 25(OH)D (r= 0.54, P<0.05) and negatively correlated with serum iPTH (r= −0.54, P<0.05). Our results indicate that most of the spinal cord injured men studied had serum 25(OH)D concentrations below the proposed cutoff (≤ 75nmol/L) to define insufficiency. Moreover, these results suggest that physical exercise practice may contribute for improving vitamin D status in adult spinal cord injured men. Financial support: FAPERJ (Brazil).
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