Closed-loop spatial audio coding is a compression technique, developed based on MPEG Surround (MPS) standard, having an advantage of minimising distortion due to quantisation process of spatial parameters. Despite the MPS is developed based on filterbank, however, this closed-loop system performs better on Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT). Considering its high performance over the open-loop system, this paper presents further investigation on objective performance of closedloop spatial audio coding against various quantisers of spatial parameters. Experiments have been conducted to measure signal to noise ratio (SNR) across different types of uniform spatial quantisers at various operating bitrates. The results show that the SNR achieved by the open-loop approach is strongly affected by the type of the quantiser while, in contrast, the SNR achieved by the closed-loop approach is relatively constant regardless the number of bits used in the quantisers. Moreover, the results also show that the closed-loop configuration can consistently improve SNR in any quantisation scheme.
The Difference of Strength and Quality Signal on cellular networks is affected by the traffic on cell and the shape of the region topology. One of the problems encountered in-service performance is overshoot caused by poor signal quality. Overshoot is a condition where a range of power exceeds the specified limits, till the MS (Mobile Station) is served by a distant cell and not from the closest cell. Overshoot occurs due to boosting power which aims to improve service quality when there is an increase in customer activity in the network cell. The antenna tilting method is an effective and responsive method to resolve overshoot problem since it can form cell coverage, cells identification, measure Rx and C/I (Carrier to Interference) levels.). The results showed that after tilting there was a change in cell identification from 5 cells to 3 cells. The value of Rx level increased from -92.8 dBm to -82.03 dBm for the 726-sector and -72.13 dBm to -70.27 dBm for the 727-sector, while the 725-sector remained unchanged. C/I value for <13 dB decreased from 47.20% to 13.68%, for a range of 13 dB values ≤ C/I ≤ 16 dB decreased from 17.63% to 12.73%, and for> 16 dB increased from 35.17% to 73.59%.
Heart Disease affects approximately 70 million people worldwide where most people do not even know the symptoms. This research examines the prototype of early warning system for heart disease by android application. It aims to facilitate users to early detect heart disease which can be used independently. To build the application in android phone, variable centered intelligence rule system (VCIRS) as decision makers and pulse sensor - Arduino as heart rate detector were applied in this study. Moreover, in Arduino, the heart rate will become an input for symptoms in Android Application. The output of this system is the conclusion statement of users diagnosed with either coronary heart disease, hypertension heart disease, rheumatic heart disease or do not get any kind of heart disease. The result of diagnosis followed by analysis of the value of usage variable rate (VUR) rule usage rate (RUR) and node usage rate (NUR) that shows the value of the rule that will increase when the symptoms frequently appear. This application was compared with the medical analysis from 35 cases of heart disease and it showed concordance between diagnosis from android application and expert diagnosis of the doctors.
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