This study has designed laminated devices for Arduino-based conductive silver ink patterns on flexible materials. The resistance of the conductive pattern of silver ink in a flexible Printed Circuit Board (PCB) applications is still quite high and reduces electrical conductivity. Resistance can be reduced by hot lamination of flexible materials with specific optimum temperatures in the material. Research methods carried out by conductive pattern of silver ink heat lamination on flexible materials. The lamination device consists of a heating lamination controlled by an Arduino microcontroller. The measured resistance before lamination as 2.8 ohms and after lamination with the lowest value as 0.1 ohms. The results of the conductive pattern lamination are tested with LED and battery circuits. The conductive pattern testing with LED circuits ensures that the Arduino-based conductive silver ink lamination device can function well.
The advancement of solar power technology is considered one of many choices for meeting the increasing demand for energy worldwide. Solar energy is radiant light, and use of heat from the sun using technology such as photovoltaic technology which involves the use of semiconductors to directly convert sunlight into electrical energy has become a highly desirable choice. The electrical energy generated by a device for generating photovoltaic power can be used for a wide range of applications. A solar tracking system is the most appropriate technology for enhancing the solar cells performance by tracking the sun. Solar cell with a capacity of 50 Wp solar and battery 7 Ah. Tests conducted for five days, each day of the test starting from06:00 AM to 06:00 PM andusing fourlight dependent resistor (LDR) sensor to track the sun by calculating the highest intensity. Experimental results show that the intensity-based dual-axis tracking system improves the overall efficiency.
The direct current voltage stabilizer generated by solar cells is required to set the output voltage of the charger to be stable and constant. To stabilize the direct current voltage fluctuations generated by solar cells can be done by installing an integrated circuit regulator that produce a certain and constant output voltage according to he needs. The average of current and voltage are generated for data 1, current 21.8 mA and voltage 5.07 V, data 2, current 11.9 mA and voltage 5.0 V and data 3, current 26.4 mA and voltage 5.09 V. Battery charging time from empty to full condition for data 1 is 74 hours, data 2 is 135 hours and data 3 is 61 hours.
<p>Penerapan <em>smart sensor</em> untuk kendali parameter pH dan level larutan nutrisi pada tanaman hidroponik bertujuan untuk memenuhi nutrisi tanaman secara otomatis dan kontinu. Sistem kendali <em>closed loop </em>dirancang untuk mengkondisikan parameter pH pada rentang nilai 6-7, serta parameter level larutan nutrisi pada rentang nilai 18-20 cm. Ketika nilai pH berada di bawah 6, maka aktuator <em>solenoid valve</em> di larutan basa akan terbuka secara otomatis dan mengalir ke larutan nutrisi. Begitu juga ketika nilai pH berada di atas 7 maka <em>solenoid valve</em> larutan asam yang akan terbuka secara otomatis. <em>Solenoid valve </em>menutup kembali ketika sensor mendeteksi nilai pH pada rentang 6-7. Selanjutnya, sensor level ultrasonik digunakan untuk mendeteksi ketinggian level larutan nutrisi. Ketika sensor level mendeteksi ketinggian larutan nutrisi pada nilai 18 cm, maka aktuator <em>solenoid valve </em>pada tangki nutrisi cadangan akan membuka untuk mengisi larutan ke tangki nutrisi utama. <em>Solenoid valve </em>akan menutup kembali ketika sensor mendeteksi ketinggian level di tangki nutrisi utama senilai 20 cm. Berdasarkan data pemantauan pH dan level larutan nutrisi selama masa tanam, larutan nutrisi yang tersirkulasi pada media hidroponik sesuai dengan kebutuhan tanaman pakcoy. Sistem <em>smart sensor</em> untuk pengendalian bekerja sesuai dengan <em>set point</em> parameter pH dan level larutan nutrisi yang ditetapkan. Tanaman pakcoy terpantau tumbuh secara signifikan berdasarkan penambahan jumlah dan panjang helai daun sepanjang 25 hari masa tanam di media hidroponik.</p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>The application of smart sensors to control pH and nutrient level parameters in hydroponics plants aims to supply the nutrients of plants automatically and continuously. The working principle of a closed loop control system is designed to stabilize the pH parameters in the 6-7 values range, as well as the nutrient level parameters in the 18-20 cm height range. While the measured pH value is below 6, the solenoid valve as an actuator of the base solution will open automatically and flow into the nutrient solutions. Likewise, when the measured pH value is above 7, the solenoid valve in acid solution will open automatically. The solenoid valve will close when the measured pH values are in the range of 6 to 7. Furthermore, the ultrasonic level sensor is used to measure the height of the nutrient level. When the level sensor measure the height of the nutrient level at a value of 18 cm, the solenoid valve as an actuator in the reserve nutrient tank will open automatically to fill in the main nutrient tank. The solenoid valve will close when the measured level value in the main nutrient tank is 20 cm. Based on the data monitoring of pH and nutrient levels during the planting season, the circulation of nutrient solutions is appropriate for the pakcoy plants. The control system based smart sensor shows works according to the set point of the pH and nutrient level. The pakcoy plants were monitored to grow significantly based on the number and length of the leaves during the 25 days of planting in hydroponic media.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p>
Telah dibuat dan diuji alat pengatur kadar asam (pH) dan level ketinggian air nutrisi pada sistem hidroponik cabai. Kadar asam (pH) referensi yang dianjurkan untuk tanaman cabai yaitu 6.0 – 6.5. Pada percobaan awal, ini air nutrisi pada wadah pertumbuhan dikondisikan pada keadaan nilai pH 2.91 (Asam). Untuk mencapai pH referensi dibutuhkan waktu selama 23 detik. Dengan keadaan pompa yang berisi cairan basa dan pengaduk aktif selama 23 detik. Pada percobaan yang kedua, air nutrisi dikondisikan dalam keadaan nilai pH 9.18 (Basa). Untuk mencapai pH referensi dibutuhkan waktu selama 18 detik. Dengan keadaan pompa yang berisi cairan asam dan pengaduk aktif selama 18 detik. Pada pengujian level ketinggian air nutrisi, ketika air nutrisi dibawah level ketinggian yang ditetapkan (6 cm – 8 cm) yaitu 5 cm. Untuk mencapai level ketinggian minimum yang ditetapkan yaitu 6 cm dibutuhkan waktu selama 2 menit 25 detik. Dengan adanya alat pengatur kadar asam (pH) dan level ketinggian air nutrisi pada sistem hidroponik cabai,Kadar asam (pH) dan kebutuhan air nutrisi untuk tanaman selalu terjaga dengan baik.
Hidroponik adalah teknik bercocok tanam dengan menggunakan media selain tanah, contohnya adalah air. Air merupakan nutrisi bagi tanaman yang disirkulasikan dengan pompa. Sirkulasi air beroperasi secara terus-menerus, untuk itu memerlukan daya listrik dalam jumlah besar, sehingga membutuhkan panel surya sebagai alat yang dapat mengkonversi cahaya matahari menjadi energi listrik. Panel surya digunakan untuk menyalakan pompa dan sistem kendali pH dan level larutan nutrisi. Panel surya diuji dengan variasi kemiringan sudut, sedangkan sistem kendali pH dan level larutan nutrisi diuji menggunakan respon waktu. Set point kendali pH yaitu 6-7 dan kendali level larutan nutrisi yaitu 18-20 cm. Berdasarkan pengujian yang dilakukan, panel surya menghasilkan daya listrik terbesar 20,59 watt pada sudut 0° Pukul 12:15, sedangkan daya terkecil 2,54 watt pada sudut 30°pukul 15:00. Adapun rata-rata waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mengendalikan pH <6 yaitu 12 menit , sedangkan kondisi >7 yaitu 18 menit, dan waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mengendalikan level larutan < 20 cm yaitu 1 menit. Rata-rata perhari daya listrik yang dihasilkan panel surya adalah 244,4 watt dan daya yang digunakan untuk mengoperasikan pompa hidroponik beserta sistem kendalinya yaitu 123,9 watt. Dengan demikian, panel surya yang digunakan dapat mengoperasikan sistem pengendalian pH dan level air nutrisi tanaman hidroponik sampai masa panen.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.