Setting Drug resistance threatens tuberculosis (TB) control, particularly among HIV-infected persons. Objective We surveyed antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs from lower-income countries on prevention and management of drug-resistant TB. Design We used online questionnaires to collect program-level data in 47 ART programs in Southern Africa (14), East Africa (8), West Africa (7), Central Africa (5), Latin America (7) and Asia-Pacific (6 programs) in 2012. Patient-level data were collected on 1,002 adult TB patients seen at 40 of the participating ART programs. Results Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing was available at 36 (77%) ART programs, but only used for 22% of all TB patients. Molecular drug resistance testing was available at 33 (70%) programs and used for 23% of all TB patients. Twenty ART programs (43%) provided directly observed therapy (DOT) during the whole treatment, 16 (34%) during intensive phase only and 11 (23%) did not follow DOT. Fourteen (30%) ART programs reported no access to second-line TB regimens; 18 (38%) reported TB drug shortages. Conclusions Capacity to diagnose and treat drug-resistant TB was limited across ART programs in lower income countries. DOT was not always implemented and drug supply was regularly interrupted, which may contribute to the global emergence of drug resistance.
Pathologic jaundice is one of the causes of neonatal death, among the risk factor is pre-term pregnancy that causes prematurity. It affects the growth of the fetus due to the immaturity of the reproductive organs. The main objective of this study is to analyze the correlation between gestational and maternal age with pathologic neonatal jaundice. The research used quantitative analytical method with cross sectional approach. The sample consisted of 297 babies chosen using systematic random sampling technique. The analysis used Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Fisher Exact Test. The result of study found that 5.1% of neonatal had post-term gestation, 21.55% of mothers delivered at risk of ages, 6.06% suffered pathologic neonatal jaundice. Some of neonatal (24.44%) born during preterm gestation suffered pathologic jaundice. The correlation between gestational age and pathological jaundice got p value = 0.035, the correlation between maternal age with pathological jaundice got p value = 1.000. Gestational age associated with pathological jaundice and maternal age is not associated with pathological jaundice. It is important for health workers to assess gestational age on antenatal and intranatal care to anticipate pathological jaundice and mothers need to always take their baby to health services if the baby appears to have yellow skin.
ABSTRAKKesehatan reproduksi merupakan hal yang sangat penting untuk dipahami oleh semua orang, khususnya remaja Wanita. Banyak remaja mendapatkan pengetahuan mengenai kesehatan reproduksi dari media sosial yang tidak terjamin kebenarannya. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan pengetahuan remaja mengenai kesehatan reproduksi. Mitra kegiatan ini adalah remaja wanita. Metode pengabdian masyarakat dengan mengadakan webinar. Pembicara menyampaikan materi mengenai kesehatan reproduksi melalui webinar dan membuat leafleat untuk dibaca oleh mitra. Sebelum mengikuti webinar remaja wanita diuji pengetahuannya mengenai kesehatan reproduksi dengan pretest. Setelah mendapatkan pemaparan materi, dilakukan postest. Hasil analisis pretest didapatkan 70% peserta kurang memahami tentang Kesehatan reproduksi dan hasil dari postest menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan dengan hasil 98% peserta mendapatkan nilai yang sempurna. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan melalui webinar dan pembuatan leafleat ini meningkatkan pengetahuan dan wawasan remaja wanita mengenai pentingnya kesehatan reproduksinya. Kata Kunci: Edukasi, Masalah Kesehatan Reproduksi, Remaja Wanita ABSTRACTReproductive health is very important to be understood by everyone, especially young women. Many teenagers get knowledge about reproductive health from social media that is not guaranteed to be true. This community service activity aims to increase the understanding and knowledge of adolescents about reproductive health. The partners of this activity are young women. Method of community service by holding webinars. The speaker delivered material on reproductive health through webinars and made leaflets for partners to read. Before participating in the webinar, young women were tested for their knowledge of reproductive health using a pretest. After getting the presentation of the material, a posttest was conducted. The results of the pretest analysis showed that 70% of participants did not understand about reproductive health and the results of the posttest showed an increase in knowledge with the result that 98% of participants got perfect scores. So it can be concluded that the community service carried out through webinars and the creation of leaflets increases the knowledge and insight of young women about the importance of their reproductive health. Keywords: Education, Reproductive Health Problems, Adolescent Women
Latar Belakang: Penyebab utama kematian bayi baru lahir atau neonatal di dunia antara lain bayi lahir premature 29%, sepsis dan pneumonia 25% dan 23% merupakan bayi baru lahir dengan asfiksia dan trauma. Sepsis neonatorum merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi yang dapat menyebabkan kematian pada bayi baru lahir, angka kejadian sepsis di Indonesia masih tinggi yaitu 8,7% sampai 30,29% dengan angka kematian 11,56% sampai 49,9%. Kejadian sepsis neonatorum di RSUD dr. H. Moch. Ansari Saleh pada tahun 2014 sebanyak 2,9%, tahun 2015 sebanyak 1,2%, dan tahun 2016 sebanyak 1,2%.Tujuan: Menganalisis faktor risiko ibu dalam meningkatkan kejadian sepsis neonatorum di RSUD Dr. H. Moch. Ansari Saleh Tahun 2017.Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan case control. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua bayi baru lahir yang tercatat di rekam medik RSUD dr. H. Moch Ansari Saleh tahun 2017 sebanyak 4516 orang. Sampel kasus diambil dengan total sampling sebanyak 55 orang sedangkan sampel kontrol diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling sebanyak 55 orang. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square.Hasil: Faktor risiko ibu yang terjadi selama kehamilan terbukti dapat meningkatkan kejadian sepsis neonatorum yaitu persalinan lama (ρ=0,032 a=0,05), ketuban pecah dini (ρ=0,015 a=0,05), dan usia kehamilan (ρ=0,022 a=0,05). Dari ketiga faktor tersebut ibu yang mengalami ketuban pecah dini merupakan faktor yang paling berisiko menyebabkan sepsis neonatorum dibandingkan dengan yang tidak mengalami ketuban pecah dini (OR = 2,571) sedangkan faktor risiko ibu yang tidak berhubungan adalah infeksi antepartum dan komplikasi kehamilan.Simpulan: Dari lima faktor risiko ibu terdapat tiga faktor yang dapat meningkatkan kejadian sepsis neonatorum yaitu faktor yang paling beresiko adalah ketuban pecah dini dan faktor lainnya adalah persalinan lama dan usia kehamilan. Kata Kunci: Ketuban pecah dini, Persalinan lama, Sepsis neonatorum, Usia kehamilan Mother Risk Factors In Increasing The Incidence Of Neonatal Sepsis At Dr. H. Moch. Ansari Saleh Hospital Of BanjarmasinABSTRACT Background: The main causes of newborn or neonatal deaths in the world include premature babies 29%, sepsis and pneumonia 25% and 23% are newborns with asphyxia and trauma. Neonatal sepsis is one of the infectious diseases that can cause death in newborns, the incidence of sepsis in Indonesia is still high at 8.7% to 30.29% with a mortality rate of 11.56% to 49.9%. The incidence of Neonatal Sepsis at Dr. H. Moch. Ansari Saleh Hospital of Banjarmasin in 2014 as much as 2.9%, in 2015 as many as 1.2%, and in 2016 as many as 1.2%.Objective: To analyzing maternal risk factors in increasing the incidence of neonatal sepsis at Dr. H. Moch. Ansari Saleh Hospital of Banjarmasin in 2017.Methods: Quantitative research with case control design. The study population was all newborns recorded in the medical record at Dr. H. Moch. Ansari Saleh Hospital of Banjarmasin in 2017 as many as 4516 people. Case samples were taken with a total sampling of 55 people while the control samples were taken with a purposive sampling technique of 55 people. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test.Results: Maternal risk factors that occur during pregnancy have been shown to increase the incidence of neonatal sepsis, prolonged labor (ρ=0,032 a=0,05), premature rupture of membranes (ρ=0,015 a=0,05), and gestational age (ρ=0,022 a=0,05). Of the three factors, mothers who experienced premature rupture of membranes were the most at risk for causing neonatal sepsis compared with those who did not experience premature rupture of membranes (OR = 2,571) while unrelated maternal risk factors were antepartum infection and pregnancy complications.Conclusion: Of the five maternal risk factors there are three factors that can increase the incidence of neonatal sepsis, which is the most risky factor is premature rupture of the membranes and other factors are prolonged labor and gestational age. Key Words: Gestational age, Neonatal sepsis, Premature rupture of membranes, Prolonged labor
Latar Belakang: Salah satu cara untuk menurunkan angka kesakitan dan kematian ibu dengan pendekatan risiko pada ibu hamil. Deteksi risiko dapat dilakukan oleh bidan dengan skor Poedji Roechayati. Di praktik Mandiri Bidan (PMB) F hal ini telah dilaksanakan. Berdasarkan data terakhir pada bulan Mei 2019, dari 48 orang ibu hamil yang berkunjung ke PMB F didapatkan 18 orang (37,5%) kelompok risiko tinggi (KRT) dan 3 orang (6,25%) kelompok risiko sangat tinggi (KRST), di tahun 2018, terdapat 21% kasus komplikasi persalinan.Tujuan: Menganalisa hubungan antara tingkat risiko ibu hamil dengan kejadian komplikasi persalinan dan juga cara persalinannya.Metode: . Metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan penelitian Cross Sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua ibu bersalin di PMB F pada tahun 2017 s.d juni 2019 sebanyak 90 orang dengan tehnik sampling jenuh. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi Squere.Hasil: Dari 90 orang sampel yang diteliti 60 orang (66,7%) yang termasuk kelompok ibu hamil risiko tinggi (KRT). Ibu dengan cara persalinan normal sebanyak 73 orang (81,1%). Ibu yang mengalami komplikasi pada saat persalinan sebanyak 32 orang (35,6%) dari 90 sampel dan komplikasi ini banyak terjadi pada kelompok risiko tinggi (23 orang) dan kelompok risiko sangat tinggi (7 orang). Simpulan: Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara Komplikasi persalinan dengan tingkat risiko ibu hamil dan tidak ada hubungan cara persalinan dengan tingkat risiko ibu hamil. Kata Kunci: Cara Persalinan, Komplikasi Persalinan, Tingkat Risiko Kehamilan Background: One way to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality with a risk approach for pregnant women. Risk detection can be done by midwives with Poedji Roechayati scores. In practice the Mandiri Midwife (PMB) F this has been carried out. Based on the latest data in May 2019, out of 48 pregnant women visiting PMB F, there were 18 people (37.5%) high risk group (KRT) and 3 people (6.25%) very high risk group (KRST), in 2018, there were 21% of cases of childbirth complications.Objective: To analyze the relationship between the risk level of pregnant women with the incidence of labor complications and also the mode of delivery.Method: . Quantitative research methods with cross sectional research design. The population of this study were all women giving birth at PMB F in 2017 to June 2019, as many as 90 people with saturated sampling techniques. Data were analyzed using the Chi Squere test.Results: Of the 90 samples studied, 60 (66.7%) were included in the high risk group of pregnant women (KRT). Mothers by normal delivery were 73 people (81.1%). Mothers who experienced complications at the time of delivery were 32 people (35.6%) from 90 samples and this complication mostly occurred in the high risk group (23 people) and the very high risk group (7 people).Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the complications of childbirth with the level of risk of pregnant women and there is no relationship between the way of delivery and the risk of pregnant women. Keywords: Delivery Method, Labor Complications, Pregnancy Risk Level
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