Pervaporation process is an excellent and potential way applied for desalting acid mine drainage water. Nevertheless, the water flux was reduced gradually due to the issue of membrane fouling. To resolve this problem, cleaning process was chosen to maintain the water flux of silica-pectin membranes. This study aims to recover the water flux and salt rejection of the silica-pectin membranes via chemical cleaning process applied for acid mine drainage water desalination with various temperature of feed water (25-60 °C). Silica-pectin membrane was formulated by employing TEOS functioning as silica precursor and pectin as carbon template from banana peels. Chemical cleaning of the membrane carried out by employing TiO2 solution + UV light radiation for an hour. Performance of the silica-pectin membrane was evaluated via pervaporation process under dead-end system. The performance of silica-pectin banana peels membrane found flux recovery from 10.6 kg.m− 2.h−1 and flux recovery of 17.54 kg.m− 2.h−1. It shows that flux recovery higher than before backwashing process. Also, silica-pectin membrane results in all of the salt rejection <99 %. It is concluded that the chemical backwashing process is important to apply to recover the water flux of membrane, also, this process considers to save and reduce the operational costs.

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Wetland water and acid mine drainage are available in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. However, "Wetland saline water (WSW)" phenomena occur in the wetland areas due to the seawater intrusion, this water which contains a high salt concentration is unsafe to be consumed. While acid mine drainage (AMD) pollution becomes an issue in the mining industry that impact human life and the environment. Salt particles could be removed by using a silica pectin membrane. Banana peel has a high pectin substance. Banana pectin (0.5wt% and 0.1wt%) was employed in silica and calcined at 300 and 400 °C. We demonstrate the silica pectin template's performance without interlayer for wetland water and acid mine drainage desalination. Membranes were developed through a sol-gel method with silica source deposited from tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and performed by pervaporation at room temperature (~25 °C). As a result, 0.5wt% banana pectin concentration at 300 °C exhibited excellent performance with the highest water fluxes are 8.4 and 10.4 kg m −2 h −1 for WSW and AMD, respectively. Nevertheless, both membranes achieved high salt rejections up to 92%. Thereby, banana pectin as a carbon source impacts the stronger silica bond.

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Di Indonesia khususnya Kalimantan Selatan, sumber air yang digunakan kebanyakan adalah air sungai. Namun saat kemarau seperti bulan juli-agustus, air sungai banyak yang telah tekontaminasi air laut yang menyebabkan air menjadi asin akibat intrusi air laut. Salah satu teknologi yang dapat digunakan untuk memisahkan garam terlarut yang ada adalah dengan menggunakan teknologi membran dengan proses desalinasi. Membran yang digunakan adalah membran silika. Namun silika memiliki hidrostabilitas yang rendah sehingga perlu disisipkan dengan karbon yang terbuat dari pektin limbah kulit pisang agar memperkuat struktur pori maupun hidrostabilitas membran itu sendiri agar menambah kekuatan membran untuk menyaring kandungan garam yang ada pada air rawa asin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kinerja dari membran silika-pektin pisang dengan proses sintesis membran 4 layer (Konsentrasi pektin 0,1% dengan suhu kalsinasi 300 oC dan 400 oC dengan teknik RTP (Rapid Thermal Processing) menggunakan metode pervaporasi (PV) serta air laut artifisial sebagai air umpan (NaCl 0,3 wt%) dengan suhu ruang (25 0 C).  Diperoleh hasil penelitian konsentrasi pektin 0,1 % dengan suhu kalsinasi 300 oC dan 400 oC adalah berturut-turut 5,45 dan 13,70 Kgm-2h-1. Sementara itu, nilai rejeksi kedua membran ini berturut-turut 91,94 % dan 92,08. Jadi,  kinerja kedua membran silika pektin tersebut yang paling baik adalah pada suhu kalsinasi 400oC untuk deslinasi air asin. Kata kunci : Air asin, desalinasi, membran silika-pektin, pervaporasi. In Indonesia, especially South Kalimantan, the source of water used is mostly river water. But during the dry season like July-August, many river water has contaminated sea water which causes the water to become salty due to sea water intrusion. One technology that can be used to separate existing dissolved salts is to use membrane technology with the desalination process. The membrane used is the silica membrane. However, silica has low hydrostability so it needs to be inserted with carbon made from pectin from banana peel waste in order to strengthen the pore structure and membrane hydrostability itself in order to increase the strength of the membrane to filter out the salt content in salt marsh water. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of the banana silica-pectin membrane with a 4 layer membrane synthesis process (pectin concentration of 0.1% with calcination temperature of 300 oC and 400 oC with RTP (Rapid Thermal Processing) technique using pervaporation (PV) method and water artificial sea as feed water (NaCl 0.3 wt%) with room temperature (25 oC) .The results of the study were 0.1% pectin concentration with calcination temperature of 300 oC and 400 oC were respectively 5.45 and 13.70 Kgm-2h-1. Meanwhile, the rejection values of the two membranes were 91.94% and 92.08, respectively, so the best performance of the two pectin silica membranes was at calcination temperature of 400oC for saltwater deslination. Keywords: Desalination, pervaporation, salt water, silica-pectin membrane.

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Banjarmasin berada di ketinggian rata-rata 0,16 m dibawah permukaan laut. Sumber air bersih seperti sungai dan sumur yang jika musim kemarau atau saat air laut pasang dapat menjadi asin karena intrusi air laut. Sehingga, dalam penggunaannya perlu mendapat perlakuan khusus untuk menghilangkan kadar garam yang terkandung dalam air seperti teknologi membran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan pektin kulit pisang dengan konsentrasi berbeda terhadap kinerja membran silika-pektin pada proses desalinasi air payau. Membran yang digunakan berasal dari Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) dengan pektin dari limbah kulit pisang sebagai template. Penyisipan pektin dari limbah kulit pisang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan hidrostabilitas dan memperkuat struktur silika pada membran.  Kinerja membran diuji melalui proses pervaporasi pada suhu ruang (25oC).  Pervaporasi dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan permeat kedalam cold trap yang fasenya diubah menjadi uap pada saat pemisahan dan dikondensasi kembali dengan bantuan nitrogen cair.  Pervaporasi air payau artifisial (NaCl 0,3%) sebagai umpan diuji menggunakan membran silika dengan konsentrasi pektin 1% dan 2,5% kalsinasi 300 oC.  Hasil dari penelitian ini, fluks air yang didapat rata-rata 4,53 kg.m2.h-1 (1%) dan 7,14 kg.m2.h-1 (2,5%) dengan rejeksi garam yang diperoleh >90%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi pektin yang digunakan akan menghasilkan fluks yang lebih tinggi. Kata kunci: desalinasi, membran silika pektin, pektin kulit pisang, pervaporasi. Banjarmasin has an average height of 0.16 m below sea level. Clean water sources such as river and well during hot season or high tides become salty due to sea water intrusion. Therefore, it needs special treatment to remove the levels of salt contained in water using membrane technology.  The purpose of this research is to understand the effect of the addition of pectin from banana peel with different concentrations on the performance of the silica-pectin membrane in the brackish water desalination process. Membrane was prepared from Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) with pectin from banana peel waste as a template. Pectin addition from banana peel waste is done to increase hydrostability and strengthen silica structure in the membrane. Membrane performance was tested through pervaporation at room temperature (25oC). Pervaporation is carried out by collecting permeats into cold trap whose phases are converted to gas during separation and re-condensed using liquid nitrogen. Artifisial brakish water pervaporation (NaCl 0.3%) applied as feed was treated by using silica membranes with pectin concentrations of 1% and 2.5% at calcination temperatures of 300oC.  The results of this study, observed average water flux obtained was 4.53 kg.m2.h-1 (1%) and 7.14 kg.m2.h-1 (2.5%) with salt rejection obtained > 90 %. Keywords:banana peel pectin, desalination, pectin silica membrane, pervaporation