: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer related death in the world with an estimated number of 1.8 million new cases and about 881,000 deaths worldwide in 2018. The epide-miology of CRC varies significantly between different regions in the world as well as between different age, gender and racial groups. Multiple factors are involved in this variation including risk factor exposure, demographic variations in addi-tion to genetic susceptibility and genetic mutations and their effect on the prognosis and treatment response. In this mini review, we are discussing the recent epidemiological trend including the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer world-wide and the factors affecting these trends.

BackgroundPolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women. Women with PCOS have androgen excess as a defining feature. They also have increased insulin resistance and obesity, which are also risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, published data regarding PCOS as independent risk factor for NAFLD remain controversial. Therefore, we conducted this study to evaluate the association between PCOS and NAFLD using a large national database.MethodsWe identified adult female patients (≥18 years) with PCOS using the National Inpatient Sample database between 2002 and 2014. The control group included patients who did not have a diagnosis of PCOS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to study the association of NAFLD with PCOS.ResultsOut of a total of 50 785 354 women, 77 415 (0.15%) had PCOS. These patients were younger (32.7 vs 54.8; p<0.001) and more likely to be obese (29.4% vs 8.6%; p<0.001) compared with non-PCOS patients. However, the PCOS group had less hypertension (23.2% vs 39.8%), dyslipidaemia (12% vs 17.8%) and diabetes mellitus (18.1% vs 18.3%) (p<0.001 for all). Using multivariate logistic regression, patients with PCOS had significantly higher rate of NAFLD (OR 4.30, 95% CI 4.11 to 4.50, p<0.001).ConclusionOur study showed that patients with PCOS have four times higher risk of developing NAFLD compared with women without PCOS. Further studies are needed to assess if specific PCOS treatments can affect NAFLD progression.

No abstract

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at high risk of arterial and venous thrombosis secondary to anti-phospholipid antibodies. Herein, we are presenting an interesting case of venous thrombosis in a patient with SLE in the absence of anti-phospholipid antibodies.