This paper describes the comparison and parameterization process of dynamic battery models for cell and system simulation. Three commonly used equivalent circuit battery models are parameterized using a numeric optimization method and basic electrical tests with a lithium-ion polymer battery cell. The maximum model performance is investigated, and the parameterized models are compared regarding the parameterization effort and the model accuracy. For the model with the best tradeoff between the parametrization effort and the model accuracy, a reasonable simplification of the parameterization process is presented. This model is parameterized with the simplified parameterization process and, finally, validated by using a current profile obtained from an electric vehicle simulation performing a real-life driving cycle.

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According to the legal, social and economic requirements for improved road transportation hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are one of the most intensively investigated vehicle concepts of today. To exploit their potential for emission reduction and performance improvement the energy storage system has to be considered as one of the key components of HEVs. This paper reviews the present state of the art pointing out advantages and drawbacks for each battery technology relevant for HEV application. Moreover, it describes the main constrains and requirements from the battery management's point of view. The tools usually applied by battery system developers are covered as well as the processes for identification and design of the optimal battery pack and the appropriate battery management. Finally, the main adjustments that are necessary for customizing a basic battery management system for a given battery chemistry are discussed.Batterie und Batteriemanagement fü r Hybridfahrzeuge: ein Review.Aufgrund der vielfä ltigen legistischen, gesellschaftlichen, ö kologischen und ö konomischen Anforderungen an die Fahrzeuge von morgen werden Hybridfahrzeuge als ein zukunftsträ chtiges Fahrzeugkonzept intensiv analysiert und entwickelt. Um ihr Potenzial hinsichtlich Emissionsreduktion und Leistungssteigerung voll ausschö pfen zu kö nnen, mü ssen die einzelnen Komponenten und Antriebe optimal designed und aufeinander abgestimmt sein. Eine der Schlü sselkomponenten in diesem Zusammenhang stellt das Energiespeichersystem dar. Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich daher mit einem umfassenden Ü berblick ü ber den aktuellen Stand der verfü gbaren Technologien unter besonderer Berü cksichtigung der jeweiligen Vor-und Nachteile fü r den Einsatz in Hybridfahrzeugen. Darü ber hinaus werden die Anforderungen und Rahmenbedingungen aus Sicht des Batteriemanagements diskutiert. Um fü r eine spezifische Applikation die bestmö gliche Technologie auswä hlen und ein optimales Batteriepack und Batteriemanagement designen zu kö nnen, sind neueste Simulationstools und Testeinrichtungen erforderlich. Darauf aufbauend werden ausgehend von einem allgemeinen Batteriemanagementsystem die erforderlichen Adaptierungen zur Realisierung kunden-bzw. fahrzeugspezifischer Batteriesysteme diskutiert.

: Temperature heavily affects the behavior of any energy storage chemistries. In particular, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) play a significant role in almost all storage application fields, including Electric Vehicles (EVs). Therefore, a full comprehension of the influence of the temperature on the key cell components and their governing equations is mandatory for the effective integration of LIBs into the application. If the battery is exposed to extreme thermal environments or the desired temperature cannot be maintained, the rates of chemical reactions and/or the mobility of the active species may change drastically. The alteration of properties of LIBs with temperature may create at best a performance problem and at worst a safety problem. Despite the presence of many reports on LIBs in the literature, their industrial realization has still been difficult, as the technologies developed in different labs have not been standardized yet. Thus, the field requires a systematic analysis of the effect of temperature on the critical properties of LIBs. In this paper, we report a comprehensive review of the effect of temperature on the properties of LIBs such as performance, cycle life, and safety. In addition, we focus on the alterations in resistances, energy losses, physicochemical properties, and aging mechanism when the temperature of LIBs are not under control.

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This article gives an overview of the Electric Energy Storage (EES) library, which is proposed for inclusion in the Modelica Standard Library. The library contains models with different complexity for simulating of electric energy storages like batteries (single cells as well as stacks) interacting with loads, battery management systems and charging devices. It is shown how the models are defined and how they can be parametrized. Finally, two example simulations are presented.

The widespread introduction of electrically-propelled vehicles is currently part of many political strategies and introduction plans. These new vehicles, ranging from limited (mild) hybrid to plug-in hybrid to fully-battery powered, will rely on a new class of advanced storage batteries, such as those based on lithium, to meet different technical and economical targets. The testing of these batteries to determine the performance and life in the various applications is a time-consuming and costly process that is not yet well developed. There are many examples of parallel testing activities that are poorly coordinated, for example, those in Europe, Japan and the US. These costs and efforts may be better leveraged through international collaboration, such as that possible within the framework of the International Energy Agency (IEA). Here, a new effort is under development that will establish standardized, accelerated testing procedures and will allow battery testing organizations to cooperate in the analysis of the resulting data. This paper reviews the present state-of-the-art in accelerated life testing procedures in Europe, Japan and the US. The existing test procedures will be collected, shortly described, compared and analyzed with the goal of defining a process and a possible working plan for the establishment of an international collaboration.