Battery and battery management for hybrid electric vehicles: a review

Abstract

According to the legal, social and economic requirements for improved road transportation hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are one of the most intensively investigated vehicle concepts of today. To exploit their potential for emission reduction and performance improvement the energy storage system has to be considered as one of the key components of HEVs. This paper reviews the present state of the art pointing out advantages and drawbacks for each battery technology relevant for HEV application. Moreover, it describes the main constrains and requirements from the battery management's point of view. The tools usually applied by battery system developers are covered as well as the processes for identification and design of the optimal battery pack and the appropriate battery management. Finally, the main adjustments that are necessary for customizing a basic battery management system for a given battery chemistry are discussed.Batterie und Batteriemanagement fü r Hybridfahrzeuge: ein Review.Aufgrund der vielfä ltigen legistischen, gesellschaftlichen, ö kologischen und ö konomischen Anforderungen an die Fahrzeuge von morgen werden Hybridfahrzeuge als ein zukunftsträ chtiges Fahrzeugkonzept intensiv analysiert und entwickelt. Um ihr Potenzial hinsichtlich Emissionsreduktion und Leistungssteigerung voll ausschö pfen zu kö nnen, mü ssen die einzelnen Komponenten und Antriebe optimal designed und aufeinander abgestimmt sein. Eine der Schlü sselkomponenten in diesem Zusammenhang stellt das Energiespeichersystem dar. Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich daher mit einem umfassenden Ü berblick ü ber den aktuellen Stand der verfü gbaren Technologien unter besonderer Berü cksichtigung der jeweiligen Vor-und Nachteile fü r den Einsatz in Hybridfahrzeugen. Darü ber hinaus werden die Anforderungen und Rahmenbedingungen aus Sicht des Batteriemanagements diskutiert. Um fü r eine spezifische Applikation die bestmö gliche Technologie auswä hlen und ein optimales Batteriepack und Batteriemanagement designen zu kö nnen, sind neueste Simulationstools und Testeinrichtungen erforderlich. Darauf aufbauend werden ausgehend von einem allgemeinen Batteriemanagementsystem die erforderlichen Adaptierungen zur Realisierung kunden-bzw. fahrzeugspezifischer Batteriesysteme diskutiert.

Optimal Rule-Based Power Management for Online, Real-Time Applications in HEVs with Multiple Sources and Objectives: A Review

“…Rule-based power management often takes the battery SoC into account while designing the rules. In [56], based on battery SoC and SoH, as well as other relevant parameters, the battery management system is able to deduce the electrical management. The results are communicated via controller area network (CAN bus) to the vehicle power management, which determines the power split between components while keeping the currents and voltages within the limits to safeguard the battery.…”

“…The results are communicated via controller area network (CAN bus) to the vehicle power management, which determines the power split between components while keeping the currents and voltages within the limits to safeguard the battery. According to [56,57], overcharging, over-discharging, mechanical stress and high temperature are some of the factors that lead to safety issues. The consideration of both SoC and SoH is also considered in [40].…”

Control Problems in Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

“…This is the main task of the battery management system. However, this system has many other significant functions (Conte, 2006). Any element of a battery is monitored (the charging or discharging current, the voltage and/or the temperature are measured).…”

Estimation Strategies for the Condition Monitoring of a Battery System in a Hybrid Electric Vehicle

“…Equation (2) extrapolates the a priori state estimate, and (3) is the corresponding a priori error covariance. The Kalman gain may be calculated by (4), and is used to update the state estimate and error covariance, described by (5) and (6), respectively.…”