The growth characteristics of CNS in blood components vary with differences either in the subtype of bacteria or in the donor blood. Filtration reduces but does not eradicate contamination of RBCs and platelets by CNS. Plasma may act as a reservoir for CNS infection.
Penile fracture is a rare urological emergency and requires early surgical exploration and repair. Ultrasonography is a cheap and readily available investigation that allows confirmation of the diagnosis, and identification of the location of the tear and the associated urethral injury.
Penile cancer is a rare malignancy and, as a consequence, it is managed in just a few specialist centres across the UK. This article aims to provide health professionals with an introduction and update on the epidemiology and aetiology of penile cancer, as well as the techniques used to diagnose penile cancer and the current treatment options. The article highlgihts the importance of early diagnosis and the role that the clinical nurse specialist in plays supporting those diagnosed with the penile cancer and their families.
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