University students become the main target of marketing of information technology developers. Based on the results of a survey with random sampling technique on users of wireless fidelity (wi-fi) service and internet service providers on smartphones, there are 98% of physics students use it and 80% of them actively use it to access various social media. Interactive learning media developed and accessible via smartphone but it is not widely used by lecturers and students yet. There is only 14.3% of lecturers who use e-learning. Virtual Class on e-learning is an online learning environment, in the form of web-based, portal or software. Learning in the real world, every participant both lecturers and students must meet the rules agreed upon during the college contract. One of the strategies to improve the independence of study of physics student is through learning media based on Virtual Class assisted by Google drive. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a lesson that can support conventional learning in the classroom. Mahasiswa menjadi sasaran utama marketing para pengembang teknologi informasi. Berdasarkan hasil survei yang dilakukan dengan teknik random sampling pada pengguna layanan wifi dan layanan internet provider pada gawai, terdapat 98% mahasiswa fisika menggunakannya dan 80% diantaranya aktif menggunakannya untuk mengakses berbagai media sosial. Media pembelajaran interaktif banyak dikembangkan dan dapat diakses melalui gawai. Akan tetapi, belum banyak digunakan dosen dan mahasiswa, hanya 14,3 % saja dosen yang menggunakan e-learning. Virtual Class pada e-learning merupakan lingkungan belajar online, berupa berbasis web, portal atau software. Pembelajaran di dunia nyata, setiap peserta baik dosen maupun mahasiswa harus memenuhi aturan yang disepakati saat kontrak kuliah. Salah satu strategi untuk meningkatkan kemandirian belajar mahasiswa fisika adalah melalui media pembelajaran berbasis Virtual Class berbantuan Google drive. Oleh karenanya, perlu dikembangkan pembelajaran yang dapat menunjang pembelajaran konvensional di kelas
Anaphalis is the natural vegetation component in mountainous areas and is found in volcanic soils. Anaphalis is one of the species which existence is currently presumed to decrease and is feared to be extinct in nature. The purpose of this study was to detect genetic diversity of Anaphalis spp. in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTSNP) based on molecular characters by using ITS, ETS, and EST-SSR markers in supporting the conservation aspects of Anaphalis genetically. This research method was carried out by exploring the existence of Anaphalis populations, their coordinates marked by GPS, and leaf samples collected as a source of molecular analysis material. PCR products from ITS and ETS markers were sequenced, and the results' phylogenetic were analyzed using the MEGA6 program. PCR products from EST-SSR markers were performed by scoring DNA bands (allel) and both variations and genetics population were analyzed by using the POPGENE 1.32 program. Anaphalis populations found in BTSNP are Anaphalis javanica, A. longifolia, and A. viscida. The genetic diversity of Anaphalis spp. in BTSNP has polymorphism potential that is high enough, which is 57% (ITS) and 31% (ETS-partial), with a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree topology which is monophyletic separated into four clusters consisting one cluster outgroup and three others being an ingroup. Whereas based on the genetic diversity value of the EST-SSR sequences in Anaphalis spp. in BTSNP shows that only A. longifolia populations in the Ranu Kumbolo area that have a high genetic diversity value (0.024) compared to the other two Anaphalis species. The highest genetic distance of Anaphalis spp. BTSNP in A. longifolia is found in the population of Penanjakan and Mt. Batok areas (0.040) with the smallest gene flow rate (0.428). Further research is needed to obtain a more complete picture of Anaphalis genetic diversity by using more molecular markers, bigger population numbers, more individuals and in bigger populations in other conservation areas in supporting the Anaphalis conservation strategy program.
Myristica fragrans Houtt (belongs to the Myristicaceae family) is a Maluku Island (Indonesia) native plant. The seed of M. fragrans (Nutmeg) has been used for medicinal benefits. M. fragrans also has anti-cancer properties. The goal of this research was to use computer-aided drug design to investigate the in silico molecular docking of selected nutmeg compounds against Caspase-3. Molecular docking using Malegro Virtual Docker (MVD) software Ver 5.5 was performed to investigate binding complicated models to offer information on critical drug-receptor interactions. The most potent ligand was Licarin B, which had a docking score of -103.07 kcal/mol. The Licarin B structure formed several hydrogen bonds with Trp214 and Phe250. These findings imply that the nutmeg seed contains a prospective compound that could be a great anti-cancer agent.
The wild population of Anaphalis spp. in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTNSP) has been reported decreased significantly. A combination of natural disturbance and anthropogenic factors contributes to the recent wild population decrease. A formulation of conservation strategy to ensure the sustainability of Anaphalis spp. require data and information related to external and internal factors determines the recent population in wild habitat. The objective of the paper was to identify factors related to conservation strategy of Anaphalis in BTSNP. This study found internal factor related to strength includes the existence of species and value of Anaphalisspp., while the weaknesses include increase of habitat degradation and disturbance caused by tourism activities. The opportunities for conservation include support of policy in biodiversity conservation and increase of ecotourism movement, while the threats aspect include less control of land uses changes and increase of mass tourism. The SWOT analyses recommends some significant strategy which are derived from combination of enhancing strength to optimizing opportunities, reducing weaknesses and optimizing opportunities, enhancing strength to reduce threats and managing weaknesses to manage risk.
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