Conservation strategy of Anaphalis spp. in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, East Java

Abstract

The wild population of Anaphalis spp. in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTNSP) has been reported decreased significantly. A combination of natural disturbance and anthropogenic factors contributes to the recent wild population decrease. A formulation of conservation strategy to ensure the sustainability of Anaphalis spp. require data and information related to external and internal factors determines the recent population in wild habitat. The objective of the paper was to identify factors related to conservation strategy of Anaphalis in BTSNP. This study found internal factor related to strength includes the existence of species and value of Anaphalisspp., while the weaknesses include increase of habitat degradation and disturbance caused by tourism activities. The opportunities for conservation include support of policy in biodiversity conservation and increase of ecotourism movement, while the threats aspect include less control of land uses changes and increase of mass tourism. The SWOT analyses recommends some significant strategy which are derived from combination of enhancing strength to optimizing opportunities, reducing weaknesses and optimizing opportunities, enhancing strength to reduce threats and managing weaknesses to manage risk.

Traditional Ecological Knowledge of the Tengger Tribe and its Influencing Factors in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park

“…Our study suggests that the Tengger people possess knowledge of avanese edelweiss (Fig 2 ), consistent with j ure the results of previous studies that have emphasized the importance of this plant in the Tengger culture (Ade et al, 2021;KLHK, 2022). The Tengger people frequently use javanese edelweiss in their traditional ceremonies.…”

“…Although knowledge of the use of avanese edelweiss in j traditional ceremonies was common, participants were not sufficiently aware of its economic and medicinal uses. This suggests that the Tengger people do not use this plant in their daily activities for economic or medicinal purposes, in line with Ade et al (2021). The local statistical bureau revealed that the livelihood of most residents depends on farming (BPS Kabupaten Malang, 2022;BPS Kabupaten Pasuruan, 2022;BPS Kabupaten Probolinggo, 2022;BPS Kabupaten Lumajang, 2022).…”

“…It serves as a pioneer plant in young volcanic soils within mountain forests and can survive on barren land (Hernawan et al, 2020). However, its presence in the BTS has decreased over time (Ade et al, 2021), especially along the official Mount Semeru Hiking Trail, points at which it is now completely extirpated (Amalia et al, 2019), even though it is a protected plant in Indonesia (Regulation of Minister of Environment and Forestry Number P.20/MENLHK/ SETJEN/KUM.1/6/2018). The main threats in BTS are illegal collecting by the community for use as souvenirs (Rahma et al, 2022), use for traditional activities by the local people (Ifa et al 2019;Ade et al 2021), and climate change (Maghiar et al, 2021).…”

“…These people are involved in the utilization of the plants in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTSNP) (Rohman et al, 2019). Javanese edelweiss (Anaphalis javanica), an endemic plant found in the mountains of Java, Indonesia (Roziaty & Wijaya, 2019;Oo et al, 2022), plays an essential role in the traditional system of the Tengger people (Ifa et al, 2019;Ade et al, 2021). It is used as an offering to the ancestors during traditional ceremonies, taking on significant cultural and symbolic significance (Pramita et al, 2013;Utomo & Heddy, 2018).…”

Traditional ecological knowledge for monitoring Anaphalis javanica (DC.) Sch.Bip. (Asteraceae) in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, Indonesia

“…It is a pioneer species in young volcanic soil and can thrive in barren lands (Hernawan et al, 2020 ; Lathifah et al, 2019 ). Presently, the prevalence of Javanese edelweiss in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTSNP) is declining (Ade et al, 2021 ), and it has been reported as absent along the Mount Semeru climbing route (Amalia et al, 2019 ). Notably, Javanese edelweiss is a protected plant in Indonesia (regulation no.…”