We demonstrate that our bio-electrochemical
platform facilitates
the reduction of detection time from the 3-day period of the existing
tests to 15 min. Machine learning and robotized bioanalytical platforms
require the principles such as hydrogel-based actuators for fast and
easy analysis of bioactive analytes. Bacteria are fragile and environmentally
sensitive microorganisms that require a special environment to support
their lifecycles during analytical tests. Here, we develop a bio-electrochemical
platform based on the soft hydrogel/eutectic gallium–indium
alloy interface for the detection of Streptococcus
thermophilus and Bacillus coagulans bacteria in various mediums. The soft hydrogel-based device is capable
to support bacteria’ viability during detection time. Current–voltage
data are used for multilayer perceptron algorithm training. The multilayer
perceptron model is capable of detecting bacterial concentrations
in the 104 to 108 cfu/mL range of the culture
medium or in the dairy products with high accuracy (94%). Such a fast
and easy biodetection is extremely important for food and agriculture
industries and biomedical and environmental science.
Development of adaptive self-regulating materials and chemical−biological systemsself-healing, self-regulating, etc.is an advanced modern trend. The very sensitive pH-controlled functionality of supramolecular assemblies is a very useful tool for chemical and biochemical implementations. However, the assembly process can be tuned by various factors that can be used for both better functionality control and further functionalization such as active species, e.g., drugs and dyes, and encapsulation. Here, the effect of a dye, sodium fluorescein (uranine) (FL), on the formation of a self-assembled melamine cyanurate (M−CA) structure is investigated and calculated with density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics. Interestingly, the dye greatly affects the self-assembly process at early stages from the formation of dimers, trimers, and tetramer to nucleation control. The supramolecular structure disassembly and subsequent release of trapped dye occurred under both high-and low-pH conditions. This system can be used for time-prolonged bacterial staining and development of supramolecular capsules for the system chemistry approach.
Diffusion is one of the key nature processes which plays an important role in respiration, digestion, and nutrient transport in cells. In this regard, the present article aims to review various diffusion approaches used to fabricate different functional materials based on hydrogels, unique examples of materials that control diffusion. They have found applications in fields such as drug encapsulation and delivery, nutrient delivery in agriculture, developing materials for regenerative medicine, and creating stimuli-responsive materials in soft robotics and microrobotics. In addition, mechanisms of release and drug diffusion kinetics as key tools for material design are discussed.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.