Biocompatible pH-Degradable Functional Capsules Based on Melamine Cyanurate Self-Assembly

Abstract

Development of adaptive self-regulating materials and chemical−biological systemsself-healing, self-regulating, etc.is an advanced modern trend. The very sensitive pH-controlled functionality of supramolecular assemblies is a very useful tool for chemical and biochemical implementations. However, the assembly process can be tuned by various factors that can be used for both better functionality control and further functionalization such as active species, e.g., drugs and dyes, and encapsulation. Here, the effect of a dye, sodium fluorescein (uranine) (FL), on the formation of a self-assembled melamine cyanurate (M−CA) structure is investigated and calculated with density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics. Interestingly, the dye greatly affects the self-assembly process at early stages from the formation of dimers, trimers, and tetramer to nucleation control. The supramolecular structure disassembly and subsequent release of trapped dye occurred under both high-and low-pH conditions. This system can be used for time-prolonged bacterial staining and development of supramolecular capsules for the system chemistry approach.

Rare-earth orthovanadate nanoparticles trigger Ca2+-dependent eryptosis

“…Moreover, the attention is mainly focused on metal-containing NPs. However, it is of huge interest to analyze the other types of nanostructured materials, including polymeric and lipid-based nanomaterials whose biological effects differ from the metal-based NPs [39][40][41][42].…”

Layered nanomaterials for renewable energy generation and storage

“…To achieve this goal, stable shell structures of nanocontainers should be designed to possess the required functionalities and enable the controlled release of active substances. Various external stimuli and methods can be used for this purpose, including changes in pH, 64 temperature, 65 magnetic fields, 66 light irradiation. 67,68 Currently, the following approaches for creating ''smart'' materials have gained wide popularity.…”

Investigating the Competitive Factors of Metal–Anion Coordination, Coordination by Water, and Hydrogen Bonding in Complexes of Cyanuric Acid with the Alkaline Earth Metals

“…Indeed, such is the strength of the hydrogen bonding, some 29 kJ mol −1 per hydrogen bond [11], that it is frequently difficult to characterise the products by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, since crystal growth is typically rapid and the crystals are rather insoluble once formed, so other techniques such as solid-state NMR are important. Hydrogen-bonding motifs for CYH cocrystals are so reliable that it is possible to predict, and therefore design, the structural outcome of a particular reaction, something that has been particularly well exploited in the CYH-melamine system by varying substituents on the two components [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] or by adding further cocrystal components [21].…”