This study aimed to characterize the phytochemical compositions of three medicinal Brazilian plants' leaves and bast extracts, and to determine their antibacterial activity on three foodborne and waterborne bacterial pathogens. Parkia platycephala, Pouteria ramiflora and Lophanthera lactescens leaves and basts were collected and aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared. Qualitative screening of the phytochemical extracts was performed with three replicates and in triplicate in order to identify the bioactive compounds. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration and Minimal Bactericide Concentration were determined by microdilution in broth and Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus growth was observed on agar plates. Phytochemical composition analysis allowed for the identification of anthraquinones, catechins, saponins, tannins, sesquiterpenlactones and other lactones in the three plants' leaves and bast aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts. Eighty-three percent of the plant extracts showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus, and P. platycephala extracts were the only ones that inhibited E. coli and S. typhimurium growth. The present study contributes significantly to the phytochemical composition characterization of three plant species commonly used in Brazilian traditional medicine. The plant extracts' in vitro antibacterial activity was demonstrated and catechins present in the extracts are, most likely, the bioactive compounds responsible for this action.
Botulismo é uma doença rara, grave, de progressão rápida e potencialmente letal causada pela toxina botulínica, uma das mais potentes neurotoxinas produzida por algumas espécies de bactérias clostridiais, mais frequentemente pela Clostridium botulinum, um bacilo Gram-positivo com formato de bastonete, exclusivamente anaeróbico, que pode formar esporos, ubíquo e facilmente isolado de solo, poeiras, legumes e frutos. O termo botulismo inclui o botulismo alimentar, o botulismo por ferimentos, o botulismo infantil e a toxemia intestinal. A principal manifestação clínica do botulismo é a paralisia simétrica descendente flácida aguda num doente em estado de alerta sem febre nem alterações sensoriais, que pode progredir para comprometimento respiratório. O seu tratamento baseia-se essencialmente num diagnóstico precoce, cuidados intensivos e administração atempada de antitoxina botulínica. Este estudo pretende fazer uma revisão do conhecimento actual sobre o botulismo destacando a sua relevância clínica, etiologia, epidemiologia, transmissão, diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção. Pode ser concluído que o botulismo é um problema de saúde pública que requer cuidados especiais ao nível da prevenção da sua etiologia, especialmente no que se refere à preparação de alimentos.
Plants commonly interact with microorganisms that may influence their physiology and performance. Epiphytic yeasts are microorganisms that can be found in the phylosphere, in significantly larger numbers in fruits than in other plant tissues due to their higher nutritional content. The present study aimed to contribute to knowledge of epiphytic yeasts associated with Eugenia dysenterica DC. fruits and to evaluate their antimicrobial activity against phytopathogens. E. dysenterica fruits were collected, washed in saline solution, and sonicated. Each fruit solution was plated in three Petri dishes with NYDA medium. Yeast identification was performed through morphological and physiological criteria, and richness evaluation was performed using the Jackknife 1 estimator. All isolated yeasts were tested for diffusible substances against three phytopathogenic fungi. Only four of 42 isolates were inhibited sporulation of Aspergillus parasiticus, but none was able to inhibit or diminish mycelium growth of any tested phytopathogen. The present study contributes to the characterization of the E. dysenterica microbiome, presenting the first report of in vitro A. parasiticus sporulation inhibition by epiphytic yeasts and suggesting their promising use in biological control of this phytopathogen.
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