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Although the sonophotodynamic method has an effective therapeutic outcome for anticancer treatment compared with the photodynamic method, there are not enough related studies in the literature and this study aims to contribute to the development of sonophotodynamic studies. For this purpose, the Schiff base substituted silicon phthalocyanines were designed and synthesized as effective sensitizer candidates and the photophysicochemical and sonophotochemical features of the phthalocyanines were examined to increase singlet oxygen efficiency. The calculated ΦΔ values indicate that the contribution of substituent groups improved the production of singlet oxygen compared with silicon (IV) phthalocyanine dichloride (SiPcCI2) and also the sonophotochemical applications increased the singlet oxygen yields. The ΦΔ values (ΦΔ = 0.76 for axially bis‐{4‐[(E)‐(pyridin‐3‐ylimino)methyl]phenol} substituted silicon (IV) phthalocyanine (2a), 0.68 for axially bis‐4‐[(E)‐{[(pyridin‐3‐yl)methyl]imino}methyl]phenol substituted silicon (IV) phthalocyanine (2b) in photochemical study) reached to ΦΔ = 0.98 for 2a, 0.94 for 2b in sonophotochemical study. This article will enrich the literature on increasing singlet oxygen yield.

A novel, selective, sensitive and simple spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the determination of the antidepressant duloxetine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparation. The method was based on the reaction of duloxetine hydrochloride with 1,2 naphthoquinone 4 sulphonate (NQS) in alkaline media to yield orange colored product. The formation of this complex was also confirmed by UV visible, FTIR, 1 H NMR, Mass spectra techniques and thermal analysis. This method was validated for various parameters according to ICH guidelines. Beer's law is obeyed in a range of 5.0-60 μg/mL at the maximum absorption wavelength of 480 nm. The detection limit is 0.99 μg/mL and the recovery rate is in a range of 98.10-99.57%. The proposed methods was validated and applied to the determination of duloxetine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparation. The results were statistically analyzed and compared to those of a reference UV spectrophotometric method.

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