Our findings indicate that the hand area in the cerebral motor cortex is located in the middle to lower portion of the anterior wall of the central sulcus, that is, in Brodmann area 4. We present our 8 patients showing isolated hand palsy due to a discrete cortical infarction on MRI to expand the knowledge about cortical localization of the hand area.

SSNHL patients had a higher prevalence of migraine. Although those with migraine had higher recovery rates, the differences were not statistically significant.

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Multiple Sclerosis is known to cause autonomic and sexual dysfunction. However, genitourinary and sexual problems in female multiple sclerosis patients are difficult to analyse. Therefore, it is an understudied field. As an attempt to fill this gap, we evaluated genital region autonomic dysfunction of female multiple sclerosis patients by using genital sympathetic skin response. Forty female patients with definite multiple sclerosis and twenty healthy female controls were included in the study. We examined hand, foot and genital sympathetic skin responses. Some genitourinary parameters were questioned by and results were compared with genital sympathetic skin response results. Among multiple sclerosis patients 42.5% of them had genitourinary and 75% had sexual problems clinically. Sympathetic skin response pathologies were distributed as following: 22.5% in hand, 20% in the foot, and 50% in genital region in the patient group. A statistically significant correlation between sexual dysfunction and genital sympathetic skin response could not been found. It is found that patients with multiple sclerosis have higher genital sympathetic skin response abnormalities than foot and hand sympathetic skin response abnormalities. This might be the early sign of autonomic dysfuntion in multiple sclerosis patients. Genital sympathetic skin response may be an easy and objective method to apply and helpful to evaluate genitourinary dysfunction in women in conjunction with female sexual dysfuntion index.

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