Con el propósito de establecer condiciones de almacenamiento adecuadas, para reducir la pérdida de calidad en la distribución de carambola mínimamente procesada, frutos de carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) frescos cortados se almacenaron a 4.9, 7.8 y 12.8 ºC durante 14, 8 y 3 d, respectivamente. Las muestras fueron evaluadas por un panel entrenado y la cinética de los cambios sensoriales se determinó mediante el ajuste de modelos de cero y primer orden, con base en el coeficiente de determinación (R2) obtenido por análisis de regresión lineal simple. A partir de las constantes cinéticas del modelo ajustado, se obtuvo la energía de activación (Ea) para cada atributo, mediante la ecuación de Arrhenius. La vida de anaquel del producto se estimó a partir de las constantes cinéticas y el valor medio de la escala lineal de 10 cm como valor límite de vida útil, para cada atributo evaluado. Los cambios en olor característico, olor extraño, brillo, sabor característico, consistencia y jugosidad ajustaron mejor a cinéticas de primer orden y el resto a cinéticas de orden cero. Los valores más altos de Ea fueron para consistencia, olor característico y sabor extraño (254.87, 225.60 y 214.31 kJ mol-1, respectivamente), mientras que los más bajos fueron para color característico, jugosidad y olor fermentado (134.18, 141.35 y 141.38 kJ mol-1). La vida de anaquel estimada de la carambola mínimamente procesada fue de 11, 6 y 2 d para las temperaturas de 4.9, 7.8 y 12.8 ºC, respectivamente. Los valores de Ea estimados remarcan la necesidad de un adecuado manejo de temperatura durante el procesamiento, almacenamiento y comercialización del producto. Los cambios que acortan la vida de anaquel fueron la aparición de olor fermentado y oscurecimiento.
Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) was introduced to Mexico in 1959. Currently there is an estimated planted area of 835.96 ha and a production of 8,730.27 tons. The fruit is mainly consumed fresh, but quickly loses its external appearance due to dehydration and browning, which limits its commercialization, an alternative may be minimal processing and adjuvant treatments that extend the shelf life. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of coating with cactus mucilage (Opuntia ficus-indica), in the preservation of minimally processed rambutan stored at 5 °C, in two types of packaging. The rambutan was sanitized with chlorinated water (80 ppm), the epicarp was removed and batches were formed for each treatment. The factors were type of container (polyethylene bag and polystyrene container), coating (with and without coating) and time (0, 3, 6, 6, 10 and 12 d). The coating consisted of mucilage obtained from developing cladodes (15–21 cm), applied by dipping. All treatments were stored at 5 ℃. Total soluble solids (TSS), firmness (N) and color (L*, a*, b*, chroma and hue angle) were evaluated at each storage period. Also, 40 untrained judges (47% male and 53% female) evaluated sensory acceptability, consumption intention and acceptance/rejection. The results showed significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) of package type on firmness, chroma and hue angle. Coating had an effect on L* value and product acceptability. Consumption intention was higher, and was maintained for 10 days, in fruits with coating and packaged in polyethylene bags, stored at 5 ℃.
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