This study aims to determine and describe problem solving abilities based on the stages of thinking about rectangular flat shapes. The technique utilized is expressive subjective. The subjects in this study were seventeen students selected at random with the highest scores being selected by three grade VII understudies of SMP Negeri 2 Pemangkat. The data collection technique used is a test that will be given to the selected subject based on problem solving based on Van Hiele's thinking. The results of describing the data show that there are three subjects who are in the Visualization stage, they know the name of the rectangular shape from the visual form without knowing the nature and conditions of the shape, for the analysis stage the three subjects have not reached, students cannot explain and determine the nature of the requested shape and for the stage of abstraction there are no students who reach this stage, judging by the results of their answers that students have not been able to define a rectangular shape in indonesian itself and have not been ready to decide similar properties between one shape and another.
The role of light has been studied, examined, and analyzed for the built environment from ancient times. The methodology was conducted by literature review and precedents study to determine shifts in viewpoints that become the basis of architectural lighting design practice. This paper will discuss four evolution viewpoints but understanding the sky with its properties is the first step before moving forward. The first evolution will focus on light's role from perception to narration; the second one will examine light from the point of development of aperture to performance; the third will investigate light from material to immaterial with a particular focus on light's immateriality from the point of view of J.J. Gibson, and the last part will have an overview of light's purpose from quantitative value to its contemplative tranquillity. All four evolutions will provide broad strokes from one extreme to the other to highlight the shift of lighting knowledge and applications.
Pada umumnya di Indonesia, terutama di BSD, Tangerang, taman umum yang ada tidak dikunjungi pada malam hari oleh publik. Salah satu penyebab adalah tidak ada atau minimnya tatacahaya pada malam hari sehingga pengunjung taman tidak merasa aman dan tidak bisa beraktifitas dengan baik. Maksud dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan panduan untuk desain tata cahaya yang sesuai standard nasional atau standard internasional bagi suatu ruang publik yang secara khusus adalah salah satu area taman di BSD, Tangerang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat kerangka desain tata cahaya yang optimal yang memberikan rasa aman dan nilai cahaya yang cukup untuk aktifitas di taman pada malam hari. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Relux. Taman Kota 1 BSD mempunyai potensi untuk dibuka pada malam hari untuk masyarakat sekitar apabila mempunyai tata cahaya yang memadai dan aman.Kata Kunci: tata cahaya, taman, kerangka desain, komposisi
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