Several studies have been carried out on the application of titanium in plant nutrition in recent decades. They indicate that this element has a positive effect on crop phenological events such as germination, root formation, vegetative growth, maturation, as well as resistance to biotic or abiotic stress conditions and general crop health status. Titanium has also been reported to boost the uptake of macro and micronutrients, enzymatic activity in plants, and consequently increase yield. Therefore, pioneering studies of foliar applications of titanium in potato crops are being carried out in Brazil. They demonstrate that titanium reduces urease enzyme activity, but increases peroxidase and nitrate reductase activity during potato growth. During tuberization, there is a positive correlation between superoxide dismutase & peroxidase enzyme activity and titanium application. Although the results are promising, more data is needed regarding the effects of this element on crop performance. This review describes the characteristics of this element and reports innovations regarding its use in plant nutrition.

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of a plant growth regulator applied at different growth stages in coffee. The experiment was conducted in the years 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 on the Docas 1 farm, using Mundo Novo IAC 379-19 coffee cultivar, with spacing 4 meter between rows and 0.8 meter between plants and 10 plants per plot. The experimental design was in blocks at random, with two factors and three repetitions. The first factor was the dose of the product (0.25 and 0.5 liter per hectare per application) and second factor was the time of applications according to the phenological stages (pre-flowering, post-flowering and pinhead). The control treatment (control) consisted of the absence of the application of the plant growth regulator. Biometric aspects (number of internodes and length of reproductive branches in centimeters, number of fruits on the fourth and fifth node on reproductive branches) and productivity were evaluated. Collected data were analyzed using Tukey test at 0.05 of significance. The application of a plant growth regulator at different growth stages of development of coffee leads to increased biometric variables in coffee: the number of internodes, the average number of fruits on the fourth and fifth node and the length of reproductive branches. The productivity of coffee can be increased with the use of plant growth regulators, particularly at the dose of 0.5 liter per hectare per application, regardless of the application period, promoting productivity up to 46.9%. It is not possible to state that the presence of substances similar to phytohormones in plant growth regulators is responsible for the increase in productivity without making isolate application of these substances.

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Although titanium (Ti) is not considered a nutrient, researches demonstrate that Ti leaf application can provide beneficial effects on plants growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of foliar applications of Ti levels on the metabolism, nutrient uptake and yield of potato crop, Agate cultivar. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with five treatments and four replications. The treatments were composed of 0, 10.2, 15.3, 20.4 and 22.9 g Ti ha-1, divided into three applications during the growth stage, tuberization stage and tuber filling stage. Foliar applications of Ti increase the chlorophyll content (Spad value) in the tuber filling stage. Ti levels do not interfere with N, Zn and Cu nutrient accumulation. Increasing Ti levels linearly reduce the Mn, lipid peroxidation (PL) and urease content and increase the activity of peroxidase (POD), nitrate reductase (ANR), catalase (CAT), proline and Fe content in the growth stage, with maximum level around 3 to 6 g Ti ha-1. In the tuberization stage, at high levels of Ti, there is an increase in urease activity and CAT while ANR has its lowest value. In the tuber filling stage, high Ti levels are related to high Fe, Mn, high ANR and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and low PL activity. The ideal level of titanium applied by leaf for greater yield of tubers is 11.3 g of Ti ha-1.