Negative interactions between guanacos Lama guanicoe and ranchers have recently intensified in central Chile because guanacos are perceived to be competing with livestock for pasture resources. We examined this conservation conflict with a novel approach that considers ranchers' subjective theories, to better understand the origins of the conflict and to identify effective conservation measures based on the participants' explanations. Our findings indicate that ranchers see the source of the current problem in a shift towards increasingly arid conditions associated with climate change. We suggest the ranchers’ perceived problems are not only caused by interspecific resource competition arising from this climatic shift, but also by reported difficulties in negotiating with governmental institutions. This study adds to knowledge of human–wildlife interactions by exploring a further dimension of the complex ecological and social interactions taking place on livestock farms. We recommend identifying effective, acceptable solutions by considering and understanding the everyday knowledge of the conflict's protagonists and their potential for change.
Relationship between sociodemographic, pathogenic and salutogenic variables and the quality of life of Colombian university students. Several studies have analyzed the quality of life related to health, but few in healthy population, ignoring its predictive variables. The objective of this research was to evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic, pathogenic and salutogenic variables, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Five hundred and three university students of 17 Colombian universities participated in the study. Several instruments related to the study variables were applied. The results showed: (1) High scores in HRQOL, anxiety, perceived stress, resilience and optimism, and low scores in depression; (2) inverse relationship between HRQOL and anxiety, depression and perceived stress; (3) inverse relationship between vitality and depression and perceived stress; (4) optimism showed a direct relationship to the mental component of quality of life; (5) higher scores for men in HRQOL and resilience, and for anxiety in women; and (6) the mental health component in men is explained by perceived stress and depression, whereas in women it is explained by perceived stress, depression, anxiety and the current semester. In conclusion, HRQOL scoring is mainly associated with pathogenic variables.Resumen: Varios estudios han analizado la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, pero pocos en población sana, desconociendo sus variables predictoras. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la relación entre variables sociodemográficas, patogénicas y salutogénicas con la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS). Participaron 503 universitarios de 17 universidades colombianas a los que se les aplicó diversos instrumentos relacionados con las variables de estudio. Los resultados mostraron: (1) Altas puntuaciones en CVRS, ansiedad, estrés percibido, resiliencia y optimismo, y bajos niveles de depresión; (2) relaciones inversas entre ansiedad, depresión y estrés percibido con CVRS; (3) relaciones inversas entre depresión y estrés percibido con vitalidad; (4) el optimismo mostró una relación directa con el componente mental de calidad de vida; (5) mayores puntuaciones para hombres en CVRS y resiliencia, y para ansiedad en mujeres y (6) el componente de salud mental en hombres, lo explica el estrés percibido y la depresión, mientras que en mujeres lo explica el estrés percibido, depresión, ansiedad y semestre en curso. Puede indicarse que las puntuaciones en CVRS están asociadas principalmente a variables patogénicas.
Adaptation of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in Colombian university students. Although alcohol consumption is one of the behaviors that generates more negative consequences for public health, there are few validated instruments that allow to measure alcohol consumption in Colombian population. The objective of the present investigation was to adapt the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in a sample of Colombian university students. The method used was instrumental, because the questionnaire was submitted to the technical adaptation process defined by WHO. It was applied to a sample of 1,557 Colombian university students, selected under a probabilistic procedure. The results showed that the scale (a) has adequate clarity in its language, (b) fits a well-defined two-factor model, (c) has good levels of reliability (internal consistency) and positive correlations between the items. It was concluded that the AUDIT is a tool with sound psychometric properties to be used in Colombian university students.Resumen: El consumo de alcohol es una de las conductas que genera mayores problemáticas para la salud pública, pero son escasos los instrumentos validados que permiten medirlo en población colombiana. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue adaptar el Cuestionario para Identificación de Trastornos Debidos al Consumo de Alcohol (AUDIT) en universitarios colombianos. El método utilizado fue instrumental, dado que el cuestionario fue sometido al proceso técnico de adaptación definido por la OMS. Se aplicó a una muestra de 1.557 universitarios colombianos, seleccionados bajo un procedimiento probabilístico. Los resultados mostraron que la escala (a) posee claridad adecuada en su lenguaje, (b) se ajusta a un modelo de dos factores bien definidos, y (c) posee buenos niveles de fiabilidad (consistencia interna) y correlaciones positivas entre los reactivos. Se concluye que el AUDIT es un instrumento con propiedades psicométricas apropiadas para ser utilizado en universitarios colombianos.
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