This work is a comparative study of social tolerance toward mental illness. The central concern is with the orientation of the Chicano toward these phenomena. The aim is to determine whether or not attitudes that Mexican Americans hold toward mental illness differ from those of other Americans. Survey research methods are used to conduct a comparative study of two ethnically distinct groups - Anglo and Mexican American. Attitudes toward mental illness are measured by a social distance scale. High to low tolerance toward the mentally ill is measured. The questions range from close personal to more distant association, such as whether or not one would mind having his or her children marry someone considered to be mentally ill, to whether or not one would mind working with such a person. We have found that sex, age and education are the primary variables associated with attitudes towards mental illness. Better educated Chicanos are clearly more tolerant of the mentally disabled than the little schooled. The gender of the respondents also appears significant in determining the extent of their tolerance. Older Chicanas with less education are the least tolerant of the mentally ill, while younger women are more tolerant than the older. And the Chicano tends to be tolerant whatever his educational level. There is little difference in tolerance between Chicanos and Anglos.
The thesis that Mexican Americans' perceptions of mental illness are similar to those held by Anglos is so widely accepted by students of mental illness that its validity has seldom been questioned. Using survey research methods a comparative investigation between samples of Anglo and Mexican American respondents concerning perceptions toward mental illness was conducted in selected Los Angeles communities. The interviews centre on short vignettes describing imaginary persons as suffering from what psychiatrists generally consider mental illness. To account for changes in perceptions several hypotheses are tested: the acculcuration, Mexican culture, adolescent and Chicano generation theses. The Chicano generat on thesis proved to be significant. Young Chicanos perceive mental illness not only differently from, but in a narrower perspective than, the Anglo and the older Mexican American.
r e S u M e n Grandes esfuerzos han sido llevados a cabo para entender los componentes psicobiológicos del estrés y de algunas de las psicopatologías relacionadas con él, tales como los trastornos de ansiedad (ansiedad generalizada o crisis de pánico) e incluso la depresión. Existen evidencias de que procesos como la neurogénesis y la plasticidad se ven enormemente afectados por muchos factores, entre ellos el estrés. En esta revisión se presentan algunos de los principales conceptos sobre la relación entre estrés, plasticidad y neurogé-nesis, a los que se ha llegado a partir de investigaciones realizadas -principalmente en modelos animales-, desde hace algunas décadas. Se realizará una diferenciación entre los efectos ocasionados por estrés crónico y agudo, tratando de establecer las interacciones que sobre estos efectos ejercen algunas variables tales como el género o el rango de edad, se enfatizarán los efectos comportamentales para finalmente revisar algunas de las formas de intervención actualmente más usadas para el tratamiento del estrés.
Palabras clave estrés; plasticidad; neurogénesis a B S t r a C tThere is a growing interest in the comprehension of psychobiological mechanisms underlying stress and its relationships with many psychopathologies such as anxiety (i.e. generalized anxiety and panic attacks) or depression. There are several reports on the effects of stress on neurogenesis and plasticity. This review will discuss some of the core concepts on the relation between stress, plasticity and neurogenesis obtained during the last decades from research -mainly based in the use of animal models. The distinguishable effects between acute and chronic stress will also be discussed in relation to other factors as genre and age with an emphasis on behavioral effects. Some current therapeutic approaches will be reviewed as well.
145 Latino community college students enrolled in Chicano Studies classes in Los Angeles, California were administered a love-attitudes scale. Analysis showed that the mean scores and endorsement patterns were similar to those in earlier research on white-Latino and white-non-Latino students in the United States. Significant gender differences were found. Latino men scored more Ludic and Agapic than women. Researchers might examine the love-styles and ethnic identity in and out of marriage among Latinos, whites, and Asians in southern California.
This work is a study of perceptions toward mental illness among respondents from the city of Chihuahua in Mexico. A non-probability sample of forty-seven respondents was taken during a two-week stay in the summer of 1985. To tap respondents' perceptions of mental illness, vignettes characterizing people normally thought to have symptoms of mental illness were employed. The study reveals that men and women perceive mental illness differently. In three out of four vignettes, women perceive mental disorder than men. It is argued that the reason for the disparity in perceptions between the sexes is the result of the sexual differentiation that exists in Mexico. With regard to whom the respondents would refer the person for help, the majority of the respondents recommended that, whether or not the person in the vignette is characterized as mentally ill or simply "sick", the person should seek professional help.
Previous studies have shown that animals exposed to social stress decrease their social interaction with conspecifics in addition to changes in their neurobiological responses. Knowing that serotonin 5-HT1A receptors are involved in aggressive behaviors and behaviors related to anxiety, the goal of this study was to identify how chronic social stress affects social interaction and the expression of the serotonin 5-HT1A receptors in both the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. The results of this study showed that Wistar rats exposed to chronic social stress had less social interactions with novel conspecifics and less expression of serotonin 5-HT1A receptors only in the PVN, suggesting less aggressive behavior and an increase of behaviors related to anxiety, such as avoidance.
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