The ADHD general factor explained most of the common variance. Given the low reliable variance ratios, the specific factors were difficult to interpret. However, in clinical samples, inattention acquired sufficient specificity and stability for interpretation beyond the general factor. Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed.

BackgroundThe Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is inarguably one of the best-known instruments in the field of resilience assessment. However, the criteria for the psychometric quality of the instrument were based only on classical test theory.MethodThe aim of this paper has focused on the calibration of the CD-RISC with a nonclinical sample of 444 adults using the Rasch-Andrich Rating Scale Model, in order to clarify its structure and analyze its psychometric properties at the level of item.ResultsTwo items showed misfit to the model and were eliminated. The remaining 22 items form basically a unidimensional scale. The CD-RISC has good psychometric properties. The fit of both the items and the persons to the Rasch model was good, and the response categories were functioning properly. Two of the items showed differential item functioning.ConclusionsThe CD-RISC has an obvious ceiling effect, which suggests to include more difficult items in future versions of the scale.

We tested first-order factor and bifactor models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) to adequately summarize the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, (DSM-IV-TR) symptoms observed in a Spanish sample of preschoolers and kindergarteners. Six ESEM and CFA models were estimated based on teacher evaluations of the behavior of 638 children 4 to 6 years of age. An ESEM bifactor model with a central dimension plus 3 specific factors (inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity) showed the best fit and interpretability. Strict invariance between the sexes was observed. The bifactor model provided a solution to previously encountered inconsistencies in the factorial models of ADHD in young children. However, the low reliability of the specific factors casts doubt on the utility of the subscales for ADHD measurement. More research is necessary to clarify the nature of G and S factors of ADHD.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar un análisis bibliométrico de Psykhe (1992de Psykhe ( -2016, considerando algunos elementos históricos que contextualizan su trayectoria, para describir sus principales características y evaluar su evolución cronológica. Para ello se construyó una base de datos con la totalidad de publicaciones de la revista (25 volúmenes y 48 números), con una muestra total de 531 artículos científicos. Se aplicaron indicadores bibliométricos, tales como los índices de productividad (Lotka), de colaboración (Subramanyam y Lawani), de temáticas y metodologías utilizadas, así como indicadores de impacto que permiten realizar comparaciones con otras revistas de referencia en la región. Los resultados evidencian que la primera autoría de los artículos correspondió a una mayor proporción de mujeres. Se vislumbra una clara tendencia al alza del número de artículos a mediados de los años 2000, el área temática con mayor número de artículos es psicología educacional y los índices de colaboración han mejorado sustancialmente hacia la actualidad. El análisis permite visualizar algunas de las fortalezas y desafíos de Psykhe. Sería interesante en futuros estudios realizar comparaciones con otras revistas de similares características. Palabras clave: bibliometría, indicadores, productividad científica, revista, psicologíaThe aim of this study was to carry out a bibliometric analysis of Psykhe , taking into consideration some historical elements that contextualize the history of the publication, to describe its main characteristics and evaluate its chronological evolution. In order to do this, a database of the entire journal (25 volumes and 48 issues) was constructed with a total sample of 531 scientific articles. Bibliometric indicators were applied, covering productivity (Lotka), collaboration (Subramanyam and Lawani), subject matters and methodologies indexes, as well as impact indicators, all of which made it possible to compare Psykhe with other reference journals in the region. Results show that most first authors were women. There is a clear upward trend in the number of articles published at the mid2000s, the subject area with the most articles published is educational psychology, and collaboration rates have improved substantially up to now. The analysis conducted sheds light on some of Psykhe's strengths and challenges. It would be interesting to perform comparisons with other journals of similar characteristics in future studies.Keywords: bibliometrics, indicators, scientific productivity, journal, psychology Las revistas científicas nacen del interés y necesidad de comunicar los resultados de investigación y generar espacios de discusión entre académicos. No obstante, hoy las revistas se han convertido en el principal y más confiable canal de comunicación de la investigación, por cuanto las mismas suponen una evaluación rigurosa y exhaustiva de los contenidos por parte de la comunidad científica. Adicionalmente, estas experimentan como nunca antes procesos de transformación, tanto en ...

The Sometimes Opponent Processes (SOP) model in its original form was especially calculated to address how expected unconditioned stimulus (US) and conditioned stimulus (CS) are rendered less effective than their novel counterparts in Pavlovian conditioning. Its several elaborations embracing the essential notion have extended the scope of the model to integrate a much greater number of phenomena of Pavlovian conditioning. Here, we trace the development of the model and add further thoughts about its extension and refinement.

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Abstract. In survey data, inconsistent responses due to careless/insufficient effort (C/IE) can lead to problems of replicability and validity. However, data cleaning prior to the main analyses is not yet a standard practice. We investigated the effect of C/IE responses on the structure of personality survey data. For this purpose, we analyzed the structure of the Core-Self Evaluations scale (CSE-S), including the detection of aberrant responses in the study design. While the original theoretical model of the CSE-S assumes that the construct is unidimensional ( Judge et al., 2003 ), recent studies have argued for a multidimensional solution (positive CSE and negative CSE). We hypothesized that this multidimensionality is not substantive but a result of the tendency of C/IE data to generate spurious dimensions. We estimated the confirmatory models before and after removing highly inconsistent response vectors in two independent samples (6% and 4.7%). The analysis of the raw samples clearly favored retaining the two-dimensional model. In contrast, the analysis of the clean datasets suggested the retention of a single factor. A mere 6% C/IE response rate showed enough power to confound the results of the factor analysis. This result suggests that the factor structure of positive and negative CSE factors is spurious, resulting from uncontrolled wording variance produced by a limited proportion of highly inconsistent response vectors. We encourage researchers to include screening for inconsistent responses in their research designs.