Two coffees of different botanical and geographical origins were used:  Brazil coffee (dry-processed Arabica) and Uganda coffee (dry-processed robusta). The samples were roasted, and the foamability and foam stability of the espresso coffee were determined as a function of the degree of roast. Espresso coffees were characterized with regard to the amount of total solids, pH, fat, protein, and carbohydrate. The polymeric carbohydrates were precipitated with ethanol solutions (55 and 75% ethanol fractions), and the component monosaccharides were quantified by gas−liquid chromatography. A principal component analysis was applied to the chemical variables. This study showed that foamability of the espresso coffee increases with degree of roast and depends on the amount of protein in the infusion. Foamability as a function of the degree of roast does not differ significantly for the two coffees. Foam stability of espresso coffee as a function of degree of roast is related to the amount of galactomannan and arabinogalactan present and seems to be independent of the origin of the coffee despite the coffees having shown a different degree of roast for maximum foam stability. The degree of roast as a technological parameter does not allow an espresso coffee with maximum foamability and foam stability to be obtained at the same time. Keywords: Espresso coffee; degree of roast; foamability; foam stability; galactomannan; arabinogalactan; multivariate analysis; principal component analysis

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The results show that, in general, the use of different capacities and utilization time of oak wood barrels used for white wine aging could play an important role in white wine quality. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Population aging has taken place intensively worldwide, even in developing countries. These countries have population groups with low resources and basic unmet needs that are frequently omitted from epidemiological studies.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) and dementia in an economic and socially vulnerable population from Argentina.MethodsA door-to-door observational population-based survey among adults over 60 years of cognitive impairment and dementia in the social vulnerable area of the Matanza Riachuelo Basin, in the suburban area of Buenos Aires, Argentina was conducted. Trained psychologists interviewed subjects and a proxy informant. A standardized protocol including a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Geriatric Depression Scale and a functional inventory for IADL and ADL was administered. Diagnoses were divided into three general categories: normal cognitive function, cognitive impairment-no dementia (CIND) and dementia.Results and ConclusionsA total of 2437 elderly persons were assessed, of which 73.6% fulfilled inclusion criteria. The prevalence of CI among those over 60 was 26.4% (18.1% CIND and 8.3% dementia) with higher prevalence of dementia in younger individuals than rates reported in developed counties, probably due to low control of vascular risk factors. This information can help inform health public decisions in the generation of programs and plans for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cognitive impairment in this type of socially vulnerable population.

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