Purpose There are several studies about the adoption of e-commerce for small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs) that separately, and in a dispersed manner, examine different theoretical approaches. The purpose of this paper is to unify a set of variables to form an integrated model of measurement of the adoption of e-commerce for SMEs. Design/methodology/discussion Based on an extensive review of empirical studies focused on the adoption of e-commerce in SMEs, a grouped and integrated model of e-commerce among SMEs was constructed. It was built upon the methodology of psychometrics and was subsequently statistically tested for reliability and validity. A broad study has not been carried out. Thus, the small sample size does not allow the estimation of this model’s predictability. Findings This paper proposes a final model, comprising 14 variables (82 items), grouping the significant effects of e-commerce adoption. Originality/value This tool is feasible, offering an initial model enabling detailed examination of variables affecting the adoption of e-commerce in SMEs. It contributes significantly to the development of this line of research.

ResumenAlteraciones estructurales y funcionales en alcoholismo son identificadas de manera usual, pero sin claridad respecto a la diferenciación de si estas son secuelas o son previas al mismo. El objetivo de la investigación fue realizar una revisión de las publicaciones de los años 2010 a 2015 respecto a la neurobiología y el funcionamiento ejecutivo desde los enfoques de secuelas y de vulnerabilidad, en PubMed, Dialnet, Elsevier y Google Scholar, con los descriptores en inglés y español secuelas o vulnerabilidad neurobiológica al alcoholismo y secuelas o vulnerabilidad en funciones ejecutivas en el alcoholismo. Se encontraron 59 artículos de los cuales 37 corresponden al modelo de secuelas y 22 al modelo de vulnerabilidad. Se evidencia incremento en los estudios que resaltan los factores de predisposición neurobiológica y neuropsicológica para el inicio de consumo de alcohol. Palabras clave: revisión sistemática; secuelas del alcoholismo; vulnerabilidad al alcoholismo; funciones ejecutivas y alcohol; neurobiología del alcoholismo. AbstractStructural and functional alterations are usually identified, but without clarity regarding the definition of whether they are prior to it. The objective was to review the publications of 2010 to 2015 regarding neurobiology and executive functioning from the sequel and vulnerability models, publishing in PubMed, Dialnet, Elsevier and Google Scholar, with Spanish and English descriptor: sequel or neurobiological Psicología | acosta-Barreto r., cUartas-arias M. & JUárez-acosta F. vulnerability to alcoholism and sequelae or vulnerability in executive functions on alcoholism. We found 59 articles of which 37 correspond to sequel model and 22 to vulnerability model. It evidenced an increase in studies about neurobiological and neuropsychological predisposition for onset of alcohol consumption Keywords: Systematic review; sequel of alcoholism; vulnerability to alcoholism; executive functions and alcohol; neurobiology of alcoholism.