The purpose of this study was to up-date the records concerning oral clefts (OCs) encountered at the Child Hospital of the Maternal Infantile Institute of the State of México, and to examine the association of predisposing factors. A retrospective study of the medical records of patients generated over a 5-year period was carried out. A total of 835 files were reviewed, representing 504 boys and 331 girls. The studied variables were the type of oral clefts and predisposing factors. Kendal correlations at P < or = 0.05 and chi-squared at P < or = 0.05 were used to find any associations between variables. The distribution of oral cleft was: cleft lip and palate (CLP) 70%, cleft palate (CP) 21%, cleft lip (CL) 8%, separate cleft lip and cleft palate 1%. The sex ratios were 1.7 for CLP, 1.7 for CL, and 1 for CP. Municipalities with ethnic groups as well as industrial, agricultural and pottery activities showed a high rate of prevalence. Although there was no significant association with birth weight, familial history of clefting, consanguinity, medication usage during pregnancy, or paternal occupational risk, the results suggested that the most severe clefts were proportionally related to these factors. A significant association with maternal and paternal age, abortion rate, and parity was found. Additionally, maternal agricultural activities suggested that pesticide exposure might be a factor.

To compare the measurement of the meibomian gland (MG) dropout between two infrared meibographers in patients with and without dry eye. Methods: The right eyelids of each patient were imaged using the Antares and Cobra meibography devices. All images were analyzed using Phoenix software to calculate the percentage of the MG dropout. Lipid layer thickness, eyelid margin characteristics, ocular surface staining, MG secretion, number of expressible glands, and noninvasive tear breakup time were also evaluated. A comparison between nondry eye and evaporative dry eye was performed. Results: Eighty participants (mean age, 36.93 years and 51.3% women) were included, of which 67.5% had nondry eye. A significant difference was observed in the dropout percentage of the superior eyelid between the Antares and Cobra devices (P¼0.007) for all participants and when only the nondry eye patients were examined. In patients with dry eye, no significant differences were found in the dropout measurements of both eyelids. Conclusions: Statistically significant differences in the MG dropout percentage in the upper eyelid of nondry eye patients were obtained from both meibographers. The measurements were similar in patients with dry eye, suggesting that the two instruments can be interchanged.

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