The article, through a theoretical-epistemic and historical effort, seeks to account for the relevance of the audiovisual documentary genre, as a reference in the construction of reality and social memory, focusing specifically on the development of documentary in Chile. For this, it is argued about the problems that the identification of this type of audiovisual realizations entails, and once this question is settled, it is alluded to the revitalizing force that it achieves as a reflection of a society, its reconstruction of the past, its valorisation of the present and its projection with vision of the future. That is, the documentary as a possibility to intervene in what we perceive as real, being necessary to deepen some notions as truth; objectivity and subjectivity; reality and social memory, among other important issues. All this historical and epistemological journey is supported in phenomenology and hermeneutics, by virtue of investigating the documentary genre from the Chilean experience.
El artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio cualitativo en torno al pluralismo mediático a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas a trabajadores/as y directivos/as de 28 canales chilenos de televisión regional, local y comunitaria. Las principales áreas de indagación fueron autopercepción, sostenibilidad financiera, digitalización, sostenibilidad social e institucionalidad. Entre los resultados, destaca una comprensión del pluralismo centrada en el pluralismo político y el de género, y como un concepto que se sobreentiende antes que se problematiza. Se considera la falta de recursos económicos como el principal obstáculo que impide el pluralismo y se observa un bajo nivel de conocimiento sobre las obligaciones legales relativas a este. Se concluye respecto de la necesidad de fortalecer el sector desde las políticas públicas, incluyendo promover mecanismos que permitan a estos canales participar de manera equitativa en los mercados relevantes de la industria televisiva.
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