Bovine lactoferrin (LF) was evaluated for its capacity to modulate the in vitro endocytosis (phagocytosis and pinocytosis) and antibody synthesis by head kidney cells of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Phagocytic activity and phagocytic index of head kidney macrophages, determined by measurement of ingested yeast, were influenced by bovine LF starting from the LF concentration of 1 and 0Á1 mg ml À1 , respectively. Endocytosis, determined by the evaluation of droplet uptake of neutral red dye solution, was significantly enhanced by 10 mg ml À1 of LF. In contrast, antibody synthesis by head kidney cells, evaluated by immunoenzymatic assay, from fish immunized against human-g-globulins (HGG) in vivo was not affected by bovine LF. Although these results showed that bovine LF had no effect on specific immunoglobulin production in vitro, an enhancement of the acquired immune response may be assumed in LFtreated fish in vivo, as observed in higher vertebrates. # 2005 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles
Static figurative images implying human body movements observed for shorter and longer durations affect the perception of time. This study examined whether images of static geometric shapes would affect the perception of time. Undergraduate participants observed two Optical Art paintings by Bridget Riley for 9 or 36 s (group G9 and G36, respectively). Paintings implying different intensities of movement (2.0 and 6.0 point stimuli) were randomly presented. The prospective paradigm in the reproduction method was used to record time estimations. Data analysis did not show time distortions in the G9 group. In the G36 group the paintings were differently perceived: that for the 2.0 point one are estimated to be shorter than that for the 6.0 point one. Also for G36, the 2.0 point painting was underestimated in comparison with the actual time of exposure. Motion illusions in static images affected time estimation according to the attention given to the complexity of movement by the observer, probably leading to changes in the storage velocity of internal clock pulses.
Leucocyte lysates from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss showed an iron-binding activity that was retained even if the samples were exposed to an acid pH (4Á5). Iron-binding activity of leucocyte supernatants was enhanced by the presence of 1 mg ml À1 phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate in the cell medium. # 2004 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles
pela oportunidade que me foi dada dentro do laboratório, pela confiança e por estar sempre disponível quando preciso.Ao coorientador informal deste trabalho, Matheus Teixeira Rossignoli, que muito além de ter sido essencial para a existência e realização do trabalho, me motivou a entrar para o campo das neurociências, e tem sido um grande amigo em todo este percurso.Aos colegas de laboratório Rafael Naime Ruggiero e Danilo Benette Marques, que auxiliaram desde a definição do projeto até análises de dados, enriquecendo não só o trabalho em si, mas a minha formação acadêmica.
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