Urocleidoides spp. are reported from the gills of 20 specimens of Parodon nasus (standard length 8.5–12 cm), from the Indiana stream, Tietê River, Upper Paraná River basin, municipality of Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. Urocleoidoides tenuis and two new species were found. Urocleidoides indianensis n. sp. differs from its congeners mainly by the morphology of the vaginal sclerite that is robust, sickle-shaped, and forked at the distal end; and by the bulbous-shaped accessory piece of the male copulatory complex. Urocleidoides parodoni n. sp. resembles U. tenuis by presenting male copulatory organ with approximately 7 ½ counterclockwise rings, but differs by the morphology of the accessory piece (lobate with a small hook-like projection versus pincer-shaped), vaginal sclerite (thumb-like subterminal projection vs. presence of a distal hook), vaginal tube (conspicuously sclerotized vs. slightly sclerotized), shape of the ventral bar (bowed vs. wide V-shaped), ventral and dorsal anchors (robust base and short shaft vs. considerably less robust base and long shaft), and hooks (slender shank with a weakly sclerotized subunit at base vs. dilated shank). Sequences of the partial 28S rDNA gene of the dactylogyrids found in this study are provided. Phylogenetic analyses showed Urocledoides spp. from Parodontidae clustering together with strong support values. This study increases the number of valid Urocleidoides species to 39, and the number of species described from parodontid hosts to four.

Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that can infect all warm-blooded animals including humans. Recent studies showed that T. gondii strains from South America are genetically diverse. The present work aimed to determine T. gondii prevalence in free-ranging chicken in northwest Parana state in Brazil by two serological tests, to isolate the parasites from seropositive chickens and to genotype the isolates. Antibodies to T. gondii in 386 serum samples from 24 farms were investigated by immunofluorescence antibody assay (IFA) and modified agglutination test (MAT). Samples having titers ≥ 16 were considered positive for both tests. Among the 386 serum samples, 102 (26.4%) were positive for IFA, 64 (16.6%) were positive for MAT, 47 (12.2%) were positive in both tests, and 119 (30.8%) were positive in at least one of the two tests. Brain and pool of heart, lung, and liver from the 119 seropositive chickens were used for mouse bioassay to isolate the parasites. Thirty eight (31.9%) of these seropositive chickens were considered positives in mouse bioassay and 18 isolates were obtained. The isolates were characterized by 10 PCR-RFLP genetic markers including SAG1, SAG2 (5'-3'SAG2, alt.SAG2), SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and Apico. Results of genotyping were compared with the genotypes in ToxoDB database. It revealed ten genotypes, including ToxoDB PCR-RFLP genotypes #6 (n = 2), #19 (n = 1), #21 (n = 2), #111 (n = 2), #152 (n = 1), and #175 (n = 1) and four new types not described before. Our results confirmed a high genetic diversity of this parasite in southern Brazil and also showed that the use of two serological tests in combination can improve the chance of T. gondii isolation. More studies should be taken to determine the zoonotic potential of chickens in the transmission of T. gondii.

The effects of managerial systems on the occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths in Free-Range Chickens (FRCs) from northern Paraná, Brazil were investigated. The most predominant (23.3%; 61/262) cestode observed was Raillietina cesticillus; Heterakis gallinarum (71.4%; 187/262) and Ascaridia galli (45%; 118/262) were the predominant nematodes; Postharmostomum commutatum was the only trematode observed in 2.7% (7/262) of FRCs. The most elevated parasitic burdens were associated with Heterakis gallinarum, Ascaridia galli, and Raillietina cesticillus. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) associations were observed when the effects of the types of bedding, soil type, and fence restriction of FRCs were considered relative to the possibility of helminthiasis.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2016v29n2p33A distribuição e abundância das espécies de peixes de riacho podem ser influenciadas por características ambientais relacionadas ao meio aquático e às suas margens. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi inventariar a fauna de peixes dos riachos da Cruz, Taquaruçu e Taquaruçu II, localizados na bacia do rio Paranapanema, analisando parâmetros de diversidade da ictiofauna e associando-os com variáveis abióticas. Foram coletados 4.956 exemplares, distribuídos em 27 espécies, com predominância de Characiformes e Siluriformes. A largura, a profundidade e a floresta ripária foram as variáveis ambientais que melhor explicaram a diversidade de espécies encontrada no riacho Taquaruçu II, enquanto a dominância de espécies nos riachos da Cruz e Taquaruçu pode refletir os impactos antrópicos presentes nestes ambientes, como alto grau de erosão das margens. A maior similaridade da ictiofauna entre os riachos da Cruz e Taquaruçu pode estar relacionada com suas conectividades hidrológicas. A condutividade elétrica e a largura dos riachos foram as variáveis abióticas que mais se correlacionaram com a abundância e diversidade de espécies nos riachos amostrados. Os resultados do presente estudo demonstram a importância da conservação dos ecossistemas aquáticos para a manutenção da diversidade de peixes, além de alertar para o efeito de impactos antropogênicos sobre a ictiofauna.

Rearing free-range chicken is based on grazing feeding patterns, and these animals could be potential environmental contaminants of Cryptosporidium oocysts for humans and other animals. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the molecular prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in free-range chickens from Brazil. A total of 351 fecal samples from chickens were examined from 20 farms. For detection of Cryptosporidium spp., 18S rRNA gene fragments were amplified using a nested PCR reaction. Positive samples were sent for sequencing. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium was 25.6% (95% CI = 21.2% -30.6%). Sequencing of the amplified fragments allowed for the identification of three species: C. meleagridis in 57 (62.6%), C. baileyi in 15 (16.4%), C. parvum in 3 (3.2%) samples, and a new Cryptosporidium genotype (C. genotype BrPR1) in 3 (3.2%) samples. Cryptosporidium genotype BrPR1 has not yet been classified as a species, and its host spectrum is not known. Cryptosporidium, including zoonotic species, exists at a high prevalence in free-range chickens within the region studied.Keywords: Cryptosporidiosis, zoonosis, public health, epidemiology. ResumoA criação de galinhas no estilo colonial/caipira é baseada em padrões de alimentação de pastagem, o que as torna potenciais contaminantes ambientais de oocistos de Cryptosporidium para humanos e outros animais. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência molecular de Cryptosporidium spp. em galinhas criadas em sistema colonial/caipira. Um total de 351 amostras de fezes de frangos foram examinadas em 20 fazendas. Para a detecção de Cryptosporidium spp., os fragmentos do gene rRNA 18S foram amplificados utilizando-se a reação de nested-PCR. A prevalência global de Cryposporidium foi de 25,6% (IC 95% = 21,2% -30,6%). O sequenciamento dos fragmentos amplificados permitiu a identificação de três espécies que infectam aves: C. meleagridis em 57 (62,6%), C. baileyi em 15 (16,4%), C. parvum em 3 (3,2%) amostras, bem como, um novo genótipo de Cryptosporidium (C. genótipo BrPR1) foi identificado em 3 (3,2%) amostras. Cryptosporidium genotipo BrPR1 não foi ainda classificado como uma espécie, e seu espectro de hospedeiros é desconhecido. O presente trabalho permitiu concluir que Cryptosporidium, incluindo espécies zoonóticas, existe com alta prevalência em galinhas criadas em sistema colonial/caipira na região estudada.Palavras-chave: Criptosporidose, zoonoses, saúde pública, epidemiologia.