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Background: Although multiple studies advocate the advantages of participatory research approaches for ethnoscience, few provide solid contributions from case studies that involve residents in all of the project phases. We present a case study of a participatory approach whose aim is to register ethnobotanical knowledge on the use of plants in two quilombola communities (maroon communities), an important biodiversity hotspot in the Atlantic Forest, Southeast Brazil. Our aim is to provide tools that will empower decision-making related to sustainable use and management among residents.Methods: In phase I, the objectives and activities were defined in meetings with residents to carry out ethnobotanical surveys between two quilombola communities-the Quilombo da Fazenda (QF) and Quilombo do Cambury (QC). In phase II, we offered community partners training courses on how to collect plants and ethnobotanical data. In coordination with the university team and using ethnobotanical methods, community partners interviewed specialists on plants and their uses. In phase III, using the participatory mapping method, residents indicated plot locations and collected plants to calculate the Conservation Priority Index for native species recorded in phase II. Results: In 178 days of fieldwork, two community partners from the QF and three from the QC selected 8 and 11 respondents who reported 175 and 195 plant species, respectively, corresponding to 9 ethnobotanical categories. Based on requests from the local community, booklets and videos with these data were collaboratively produced. A large percentage of species were found to be of great conservation priority-82.1% in the QC and 62.5% in the QF. Virola bicuhyba, Cedrela fissilis, Plinia edulis, and Tabebuia cassinoides are the species most at risk and will be the focus of phase IV, when a participatory management plan will be carried out. Additionally, we present both challenges and opportunities with the hope that others can learn from our successes and failures.

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82 plant species in 90 recipes for 55 therapeutic uses. These uses were grouped into 12 categories. In addition, a video and booklet were created. Conclusions Data obtained during participatory research show that training local communities in the registration of their own knowledge is feasible and necessary since they register knowledge based on local perceptions, as well as valuing knowledge and approaching the current discussion about intellectual property is a global concern.

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ResumoO projeto visou promover uma reflexão socioambiental a respeito do lixo doméstico gerado no entorno das unidades da UNIFESP, Campus Diadema, SP. Foram realizadas atividades educativas envolvendo moradores do município de Diadema e discentes de graduação dos sete cursos oferecidos na Universidade; sendo elas: mutirão de limpeza "katasukata", pedágio ecológico, visitas às escolas, trote ecológico e evento na Praça. A partir dessas cinco atividades desenvolvidas ao longo de dez meses no ano de 2014, a população envolvida com a temática: "descarte de lixo doméstico" foi sensibilizada e a educação ambiental, divulgada. Diante da receptividade dos discentes e da comunidade conclui-se que estas ações podem ser produtivas para a reflexão e mudança de comportamento se desenvolvidas com periodicidade. Palavras-chave: Educação ambiental. Resíduos sólidos urbanos. Lixo doméstico. Mutirão. ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS ABOUT THE MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE GENERATION AbstractThe project aimed to promote environmental reflection on the household waste generated in the vicinity of the units UNIFESP, Campus Diadema, SP. Educational activities involving residents of the city of Diadema and undergraduate students of the seven courses offered at the University were held; these being: clean-up "katasukata" ecological toll, visits to schools, ecological and trotting event in the Square. From these five activities developed over ten months in 2014, the population involved with the theme, "household waste disposal" was sensitized and environmental education disclosed. Faced with the receptivity of the students and the community is concluded that these actions can be productive for reflection and change of behavior developed at intervals. Keywords: Environmental education. Urban solid waste. Domestic waste. Effort. CONCIENTIZACION SOCIOAMBIENTAL SOBRE LA GENERACIÓNDE RESIDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS (RSU)Resumen El proyecto tuvo como objetivo promover la reflexión ambiental sobre los residuos domésticos generados en las proximidades de las unidades de la UNIFESP, Campus Diadema, SP. Fueron realizadas actividades educativas envolviendo residentes de la municipalidad de Diadema y estudiantes universitarios de los siete cursos que se ofrecen en la Universidad, se llevaron a cabo, a saber: limpieza "katasukata", peaje ecológico, visitas a escuelas e evento en la plaza. A partir de estas cinco actividades desarrolladas a lo largo de diez meses en 2014, la población involucrada con el tema, "desechos del hogar" se sensibilizó y educación ambiental divulgada. Frente a la receptividad de los estudiantes y la comunidad se concluye que estas acciones pueden ser productivas para la reflexión y el cambio de comportamiento desarrollado a intervalos. Palabras clave: Educación ambiental. Residuos sólidos urbanos. Residuos domésticos.

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