This article presents a methodology to measure relative industrial energy efficiency across plants within a manufacturing sector through the use of energy-production signatures (EPSs). Linear programming in combination with regression methods, benchmarking and simulation models are used to study the behavior of a representative manufacturing plant. The methodology is validated using data available from the Department of Energy database. The proposed EPSs can be used for proactive benchmarking and diagnostic purposes leading to improvements in energy consumption for individual companies. The results show that the proposed methodology successfully identifies energy and production inefficiencies within a manufacturing segment.
El objetivo del presente artículo es determinar los efectos que ejercen la apuesta estratégica de innovación de las empresas manufactureras colombianas sobre la decisión de proteger sus innovaciones con registro de propiedad intelectual (patentes). Para lo anterior se utilizó un Zero Inflated Poisson Model (ZIP) sobre datos provenientes de la Segunda y Tercera Encuesta de Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica efectuada por DANE-DNP-COLCIENCIAS (EDIT-II y III). Los resultados de esta investigación evidencian una relación negativa entre la proporción de inversión en I+D y la decisión de patentar. Adicionalmente, el bajo nivel de patentes se debe en parte a la carencia de relaciones de calidad de las firmas con proveedores y competencia.The objective of this paper is to determine the effects that a specific innovation strategy has on the decision
to protect the intellectual property of Colombian manufacturing enterprises via patents. The Zero Inflated
Poisson Model was applied, relying on data from the Second and Third Survey on Development and
Technological Innovations carried out by the DANE-DNP-COLCIENCIAS. The results of this investigation
show a negative relationship between the proportion of investment in R & D and patenting decisions of
firms. Additionally, it was shown that the low level of patents is partially due to lacking quality relationships
with providers and competition
The use of a computer and internet connection allows high school and university students to access more relevant information. However, there is no consensus on the effects of the use of these tools on academic results. This work evaluates the impact of computers and the internet at home on the results of the Saber 11 test, a national exam taken by all students finishing their secondary education in Colombia, between 2017 and 2019. This impact was estimated from a pooled two-stage least squares (pooled 2SLS) model, applied to data from 1,578,460 Colombian high school students. We found that computers and the internet at home had a positive impact on English language performance in the Saber 11 test in Colombia. This work allows a better understanding of the technological effects on educational achievement and provides information for the design of public policies for education in developing countries.
RESUMENEl objetivo del artículo es proponer un modelo de análisis multinivel de la innovación. Se exponen los debates acerca de los efectos del ambiente regional sobre el desempeño innovador de las firmas y se sostiene que la innovación se debe comprender desde una óptica multinivel que incluyan las características del ambiente regional así como las capacidades de la firma. Para lograr este objetivo, se construyó un modelo estadístico multinivel, el cual arrojó evidencia sobre los beneficios de este enfoque en la innovación empresarial. Los resultados sugieren el enfoque multinivel para futuras investigación sobre innovación.Palabras clave. Contexto regional; modelos multinivel; innovación empresarial.
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