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The sustainable future of mobility should not be viewed as the burial of the internal combustion engine (ICE), nowadays the main source of vehicular propulsion. Even with the increasing electrification of the transport means, the low global percentage of the electric fleet, around 0.2% of the total road vehicles, associated with an annual growth rate of less than 60%, indicates that they will not significantly change the market share in the short-and medium-term periods. This means that fuel demanded by ICEs and pollutant emissions generated by them will be very relevant in the years to come. Thus, the search for significant advances in technology associated with the use of renewable fuels is very important for environmental and economic sustainability. In this regard, the present work intends to demonstrate that the association between Brazilian ethanol and advanced technology in ICEs is a promising alternative for a more sustainable global mobility in the future. For this purpose, some ethanol properties are presented to justify its relevance as an ideal biofuel for highly boosted and efficient engines. Then, environmental, social, ethical and economic impacts arising from electric vehicles are investigated, demystifying the zero-emission vehicle terminology attributed to them and, finally, new technologies for ICEs are presented, proving that they are constantly evolving and improving, which is fundamental to the future of the world automotive fleet.

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