Tuberculosis remains one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. The early detection of new cases is an important goal in the program of tuberculosis control. Several methodologies for rapid and accurate laboratorial diagnosis have been developed, however, some of these techniques are expensive or cumbersome, making their implementation in low-income regions unfeasible. In this study, the thin layer culture method was compared with conventional culture method and it was observed that it provides earlier results and a presumptive species identification, being adequate alternative method for rapid laboratory diagnosis. The diagnosis is an important tool for TB control because it allows establishing the correct treatment and the required further control practices to break down the transmission chain of the bacilli. Conventional laboratorial methods for diagnosis of TB are sputum microscopy and culture in Lowenstein-Jensen or Ogawa medium (2,3). However, these methodologies present low sensitivity or take a long time to achieve results. Even though there are several new methodologies with higher specificity and/ or sensitivity able to provide earlier results than the conventional methodologies, the implementation of these alternative methods in the routine of the majority of the laboratories around the world is very difficult because of their high cost and complexity (4-6).The development of new, inexpensive, and more sensitive methodologies for TB diagnosis able to provide earlier results than the conventional methods is a priority for TB control.
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