Introduction: In the scenario of eye problems, cataract is a disease characterized by the opacification of the lens, which leads to a decrease in visual acuity, due to a change in the refractive index. A cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide and surgery for its correction is the most performed surgical procedure in the world, with an estimated 19 million surgeries per year. The Femtosecond laser was approved for ophthalmic surgery in 2000, having been recently developed to integrate cataract surgery. Objective: It was to highlight the main clinical and scientific considerations related to the application of the Femtosecond laser in cataract surgery, highlighting its efficacy and safety to the conventional phacoemulsification technique. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The research was carried out from August to October 2022 in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases, using articles from the last 15 years. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 229 articles were found, of which only 55 were part of this systematic review, after an eligibility analysis. Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery appears to be beneficial in some patient groups, ie those with low baseline endothelial cell counts, or those planning to receive multifocal intraocular lenses. However, considering that the advantages of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery may not be clear in all routine cases, it cannot be considered cost-effective. The adoption of the Femtosecond laser in cataract surgery has divided opinions as it results from the adaptation of a technology already used in other areas to a surgical procedure that, at the time, was already successful.
Introduction: Phacoemulsification (PE) cataract surgery is the gold standard in ophthalmology, being effective in improving vision in more than 90.0% of patients. In this context, authors found that PE was associated with 16.67% of endothelial cell loss, which correlated with the degree of trauma during surgery. Endothelial changes are considered an important parameter for assessing trauma and for estimating the safety of a surgical technique. In this sense, more modern PE machines are capable of removing cataracts using optimized parameters such as high vacuum, aspiration flow, and low amount of ultrasonic energy. Objective: It was to present and discuss the main phacoemulsification techniques for optimizing the treatment of cataracts, in an attempt to reduce the loss of corneal endothelial cells. Methods: Experimental and clinical studies were included (case reports, retrospective, prospective, and randomized studies) with qualitative and/or quantitative analysis. Initially, the keywords were determined by searching the DeCS tool (Descriptors in Health Sciences, BIREME base) and later verified and validated by MeSH Terms. The search literature was carried out from January to April 2023 in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. Results: A total of 122 articles involving phacoemulsification and endothelial cells were found. Initially, the existing title and duplications were excluded according to the interest described in this work. After this process, the abstracts were evaluated and a new exclusion was performed. A total of 80 articles were evaluated in full and 59 were included and discussed in this study. At the beginning of treatment with PE, without the endothelial protection of viscoelastic agents and the use of ultrasound in the anterior chamber, the endothelial loss was greater than in extracapsular cataract extraction. With the modernization of PE, the use of viscoelastic agents, the emergence of techniques for fracture of the nucleus within the capsular bag, and the use of ultrasound in the posterior chamber, the loss of endothelial cells reduced from 7 to 12% on average. Conclusion: Endothelial changes are considered an important parameter to assess trauma and estimate the safety of a surgical technique. Highlighted, the main predictors associated with the loss of corneal endothelial cells are the duration of the ultrasound used in the surgery, the turbulence of the liquid in the anterior chamber, and the mechanical trauma.
Introduction: In the liposculpture scenario, and at the cellular and molecular level, tissue engineering has numerous advantages that meet the needs of the injured tissue or organ for the regeneration process or fillings and contours. Biological microenvironments enable cell recognition and signaling cascades for neovascularization and stabilization of fat grafting. Objective: A concise systematic review was carried out on the use of potential biostimulators (cells and molecules) and the biochemical and physiological mechanisms that can contribute to the successful process of cervicofacial liposculpture, to promote neovascularization and stabilization of fat grafting or fat reduction. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The research was carried out from February to April 2022 in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 96 articles were found. A total of 36 articles were fully evaluated and 34 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 11 studies at high risk of bias and 37 studies that did not meet the GRADE. The present study showed that the use of potential bio stimulators such as stromal vascular fraction cells and mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue, exosomes, microRNA, and PRP, as well as the molecules secreted by these cells, can contribute to the successful process of cervicofacial liposculpture, to promote neovascularization and stabilization of fat grafting or fat reduction. Furthermore, studies have shown that the use of adipose tissue plus PRP led to the presence of more pronounced inflammatory infiltrates and greater vascular reactivity, increased vascular permeability, and certain reactivity of the nervous component, noting that the addition of 20% PRP activated with calcium to adipose tissue grafts can enhance the results of regenerative and aesthetic facial surgeries.
Introduction: In the scenario of eye diseases, diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion are the two most common ischemic retinopathies in the world. Ischemia is caused by retinal vascular diseases due to decreased blood perfusion and the appearance of areas of retinal non-perfusion. Also, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of irreversible vision loss in people over 65 years of age in industrialized countries. By 2020, around 200 million people will be affected by AMD worldwide. Objective: the present systematic review study aimed to highlight the main clinical findings of the treatment of ischemic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration through cell therapy with bone marrow stem cells. Methods: The rules of the Systematic Review-PRISMA Platform were followed. The search was carried out from March 2022 to June 2022 in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument. The risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: It was found 235 articles involving retinitis pigmentosa, macular degeneration, and bone marrow stem cell therapy. A total of 51 were fully evaluated and 28 studies were included and developed in a systematic review in the results field. The symmetrical Funnel Plot does not suggest a risk of bias between the small sample size studies. It was concluded that intravitreal injection of bone marrow-derived stem cells in a patient with retinal vascular occlusion sequelae demonstrated that the procedure is feasible and safe to be performed in humans as there were no signs of infection, inflammation, or development of intraocular tumor formation. Also, neurotrophic effects correlate with vasculature preservation, suggesting that bone marrow-derived stem cells can be used in the treatment of diseases such as retinal degenerations and vasculopathy that currently lack effective treatment. The authors concluded that stem cells can protect retinal cells from degeneration and also suggested that they were able to replace some types of lost retinal neurons.
Introduction: In the context of skin aesthetics, the spotlight is focused on non-invasive cosmetic procedures. Studies have shown that micro-focused transcutaneous ultrasound (MFU). A commercially available device combines MFU with high-resolution ultrasound imaging. Some clinical studies have shown clinical synergy of MFU-high resolution with poly-L-lactic acid and a fractional or diluted CO2 laser with calcium hydroxyapatite. Objective: A systematic review was carried out on the main clinical findings of the use of micro-focused ultrasound and collagen biostimulation, with or without combination with calcium hydroxyapatite and poly-L-lactic acid, in the aesthetics of human skin, to highlight the safety, efficacy, and risk of bias. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The research was carried out from May to June 2022 in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. Scientific articles from the last 20 years were selected. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument. The risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results: A total of 112 articles were found, and 12 articles were included in the systematic review. It has been shown that MFU-high resolution enables non-invasive tightening and lifting of sagging skin, and when combined dilute calcium hydroxyapatite, polycaprolactone, and/or poly-L-lactic acid is effective in improving sagging skin. Conclusion: It was concluded that MFU-high resolution targets the facial superficial musculoaponeurotic system, achieving non-invasive tightening and lifting of sagging skin, and when combined with dilute calcium hydroxyapatite, polycaprolactone, and/or poly-acid L-lactic is effective in improving sagging skin and cellulite.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.