Portuguese / English: www.scielo.br/reeusp RESUMO Trata-se de um estudo seccional analítico com o objetivo de estimar a ocorrência de úlceras por pressão e seus fatores associados em CTIs de adultos, em Belo Horizonte. A amostra foi constituída por 142 pacientes, com 18 anos ou mais, internados até as 24h do dia anterior à coleta de dados, em 316 leitos, distribuídos em 22 CTIs. A presença de pelo menos uma úlcera por pressão, e por paciente, foi de 35,2% (IC 95% = 27,4-47,7). Das 99 úlceras identificadas, constatou-se que foram mais frequentes nas regiões sacral (36,0%) e calcânea (22,0%). Observou-se que presença de sepses (OR = 6,04; IC 95% = 1,09-33,53), tempo de internação > 10 dias (OR = 7,61; IC 95% = 2,92-19,82) e risco alto e elevado na classificação da escala de Braden (OR = 4,96; IC 95% = 1,50-16,50) foram fatores independentes e significativamente associados à presença de úlcera por pressão. Conclui-se que sepses, tempo de internação e risco alto e elevado na classificação da escala de Braden são fatores potencialmente associados à formação de úlceras em pacientes acamados. DESCRITORES RESUMENSe trata de un estudio seccional analítico que tuvo como objetivo estimar la ocurrencia de úlceras por presión y sus factores asociados en UTIs de adultos en Belo Horizonte-MG-Brasil. La muestra fue constituida por 142 pacientes, con edad de 18 años o superior, internados hasta las 24 hs. del día anterior a la recolección de datos, en 316 lechos distribuidos en 22 UTIs. La presencia de por lo menos una úlcera por presión por paciente fue de 35,2% (IC 95% -27,4-47,7). De las 99 úlceras identificadas, se constató que fueron más frecuentes en las regiones sacra (36,0%) y calcánea (22,0%). Se observó que la presencia de sepsis (OR = 6,04; IC 95% = 1,09-33,53), tiempo de internación > 10 días (OR = 7,61; IC 95% = 2,92-19,82) y riesgo alto y elevado en la clasificación de la escala de Braden (OR = 4,96; IC 95% = 1,50-16,50) fueron factores independientes y significativamente asociados a la presencia de úlcera por presión. Se concluye en que la sepsis, tiempo de internación y riesgo alto y elevado en la clasificación de la escala de Braden son factores potencialmente asociados a la formación de úlceras en pacientes acostados.

Portuguese / English: www.scielo.br/reeusp RESUMO Pacientes acamados apresentam risco de desenvolver úlceras por pressão e representam um grupo prioritário para o estudo e identificação deste agravo. Para tal, utilizamse instrumentos de avaliação específicos para o problema. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de úlcera por pressão em pacientes adultos internados em CTIs. Trata-se de um estudo seccional analítico no qual foram avaliados 140 pacientes, internados em 22 CTIs, utilizando-se a escala de Braden. Os resultados mostraram que pacientes internados por 15 dias ou mais apresentavam alguma categoria de risco. As maiores freqüências de úlcera por pressão foram encontradas em pacientes que estavam nas categorias: percepção sensorial (completamente limitado), umidade (constantemente úmida), mobilidade (completamente imobilizado), atividade (acamado), nutrição (adequado) e fricção e cisalhamento (problema). Conclui-se que a utilização dessa escala traduz-se em estratégia importante no cuidar de pacientes em terapia intensiva. DESCRITORES ABSTRACTBedridden patients are in risk to developing pressure ulcers and represent a priority group to be studied to identify this condition. To reach this goal, specific instruments are used to assess this problem. The objective of this study was to analyze the risk factors to developing pressure ulcers in adult patients hospitalized in ICUs. This is a sectional analytical study, in which evaluations were performed on 140 patients, hospitalized in 22 ICUs, using the Braden scale. Results showed that patients hospitalized from 15 days or more showed some level of risk. The highest frequencies of pressure ulcers were found in patients in the following categories: sensorial perception (completely limited), moistness (constantly moist), mobility (completely immobilized), activity (bedridden), nutrition (adequate) and friction and shear (problem). In conclusion, the use of this scale is an important strategy when providing care to patients in intensive treatment. DESCRIPTORS Pressure ulcer Risk assessment Intensive Care Units Nursing RESUMENLos pacientes internados presentan riesgo de desarrollar úlceras por presión y representan un grupo prioritario para el estudio e identificación de este agravamiento. A tal fin, se utilizaron instrumentos de evaluación específicos. El estudio objetivó analizar los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de úlcera por presión en pacientes adultos internados en CTIs. Estudio seccional analítico, fueron evaluados 140 pacientes internados en 22 CTIs, usándose la Escala de Braden. Los resultados mostraron que pacientes internados por 15 días o más presentaban alguna categoría de riesgo. Se encontró mayor frecuencia de úlceras por presión en pacientes de las categorías: percepción sensoria (completamente limitado), humedad (constantemente húmeda), movilidad (completamente inmovilizado), actividad (en cama), nutrición (adecuado) y fricción y descamado (problema). Se concluye en que la utilización de la escala ...

Resumo: O objetivo foi analisar a percepção das mulheres que realizaram o plano de parto sobre a experiência de parto, os significados do plano de parto, seus elementos constituintes e a relação do plano de parto com o trabalho de parto e parto. Um estudo descritivo qualitativo foi realizado. Os dados foram coletados por meio do questionário Sentidos do Nascer - Contatos Pós-parto, aplicado via contato telefônico. Incluiu mulheres de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, e região metropolitana que participaram da Exposição Sentidos do Nascer, no período de maio a junho de 2015 e março de 2016, quando estavam grávidas, com data do parto anterior ocorrida há mais de um ano e não ter tido abortamento. O tratamento analítico empregado foi a análise de conteúdo das questões. A partir da análise dos dados, emergiram as seguintes categorias referentes ao plano de parto: “presença de acompanhante”, “informações sobre os procedimentos”, “uso de métodos de alívio de dor”, “o uso de anestesia para a continuação do parto normal”, “alimentação durante o trabalho de parto”, “presença da doula”, “não haver intervenção desnecessária”, “realização do parto normal”, “corte do cordão umbilical após cessar pulsação”, “presença e amamentação de recém-nascido pós-parto” e “respeito/tratamento”. Observou-se relação direta com a realização do plano de parto e a experiência do parto positiva. Destaca-se a importância da utilização do plano de parto como uma tecnologia que favorece a experiência positiva do parto. A construção do plano pelas mulheres durante o pré-natal e a realização dele por parte da equipe de saúde contribuíram para o desenvolvimento favorável do trabalho de parto.

Perceived health status influences the morbidity and mortality of the elderly. Mood disorders and recent hospitalizations directly interfere with active aging.

Objective:Estimating the incidence rate of pressure ulcers and verifying factors associated with this occurrence in a cohort of hospitalized patients. Method: This is a cohort study in which the considered outcome was the time until pressure ulcer occurrence. Estimated effect of the variables on the cumulative incidence ratio of the outcome was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Variable selection occurred via the Logrank hypothesis test. Results: The sample consisted of 442 adults, with 25 incidents of pressure ulcers. Patients with high scores on the Braden scale presented a higher risk of pressure ulcer incidence when compared to those classified into the low score category. Conclusion: These results reinforce the importance of using the Braden Scale to assist in identifying patients more likely to develop pressure ulcers.

Objective. This study identified environmental variables associated with obesity in the adult population of a city in Brazil.Methods. It was conducted using the Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey from 2008 to 2010. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated from the participants' self-reported weight and height. Obesity was defined as a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. The food establishments, georeferenced areas conducive to physical activity, total income of the neighbourhood, homicide rate and population density were used to characterise the environment. In addition, individual variables were considered. A multilevel logistic regression was performed.Results. A total of 5273 individuals were evaluated. The odds of obesity was found to be significantly decreased with increases in the number of establishments that sell healthy food, number of restaurants, number of places for physical activity and total income — in different models. In addition, these associations remained significant after adjustment for age, gender, education and consumption of meat with visible fat.Conclusions. This study contributes to a better understanding of the complex interaction between environmental and individual determinants of obesity and may aid in the development of effective interventions, such as the expansion of obesity control programmes.

The physical activity practice is highlighted as a strategy to health promotion and to avoid chronic diseases. In addition to individual factors, environmental characteristics in which people live, may offer opportunities or barriers in adopting healthy habits and this is related to the physical activity (PA) practice among individuals. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between neighborhood environment and leisure-time physical activity in adults. This is a cross-sectional study, developed using the database of Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (VIGITEL 2008/2010) of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Individuals with the habit of practicing PA for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity PA or at least 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity PA throughout the week in leisure time were classified as active in leisure time. To characterize the built and social environment we used georeferenced data of public and private places for physical activity, population density, residential density, homicide rate and total income of the coverage area of the basic health units. The covered area of the basic health units was used as context unit. For data analysis, we used multilevel logistic regression. The study included 5779 adults, 58.77% female. There was variability of physical activity in leisure time between area covered by the basic health units (Median Odds ratio = 1.30). After adjusting for individual characteristics, the increase of density of private places for physical activity (Odds ratios—OR = 1.31; 95% confidence interval—95% CI: 1.15 to 1.48) and the smaller homicide rate (OR = 0.82; IC95%: 0.70 to 0.96) in the neighborhood increased physical activity in leisure time. The evidence of this study shows that neighborhood environment may influence the physical activity practice in leisure time and should be considered in future interventions and health promotion strategies.

Background Due to the social isolation measures adopted in an attempt to mitigate the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, there has been a reduction in vaccination coverage of children and adolescents in several countries and regions of the world. Objective Analyze the number of doses of vaccine against Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) applied before and after the beginning of mitigation measures due to COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Methods The data collected refer to the number of doses of the MMR vaccine applied monthly to the target population residing in Brazil: cahildren, aged 12 months (first dose) and children, aged 9 years (second dose), from April 2019 to December 2020. Differences in MMR vaccine doses from April 2019 to March 2020 (before the start of mitigation measures) and April 2020 to September 2020 (after the start of the mitigation measures) were evaluated. Spatial analysis identified clusters with a high percentage of reduction in the median of applied doses no Brazil. Results There was a reduction in the median of doses applied in the Regions North (− 33.03%), Northeast (− 43.49%) and South (− 39.01%) e nos Estados Acre (− 48.46%), Amazonas (− 28.96%), Roraima (− 61.91%), Paraíba (− 41.58%), Sergipe (− 47.52%), Rio de Janeiro (-59.31%) and Santa Catarina (− 49.32) (p < 0.05). High-high type spatial clusters (reduction between 34.00 and 90.00%) were formed in the five regions of Brazil (Moran’s I = 0.055; p = 0.01). Conclusion A reduction in the number of MMR vaccine doses was evidenced as a possible effect by the restrictive actions of COVID-19 in Brazil.