The present study shows that Langerhans cells of the buccal mucosa and the skin share a similar phenotype, including in situ expression of MHC class II, the mannose receptor DEC-205 and CD11c, and absence of the costimulatory molecules B7.1, B7.2 and CD40 as well as Fas. Application of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) onto the buccal mucosa is associated with a rapid migration of dendritic cells (DC) to the epithelium and induction of B7.2 expression on some DC. Buccal sensitization with DNFB elicited a specific contact sensitivity (CS) in response to skin challenge, mediated by class I-restricted CD8+ effector T cells and down-regulated by class II-restricted CD4+ T cells, demonstrated by the lack of priming of class I-deficient mice and the enhanced response of class II-deficient mice, respectively. CS induced by buccal immunization is associated with priming of class I-restricted CD8+ effector T cells endowed with hapten-specific cytotoxic activity. Thus, the buccal epithelium is an inductive site, equivalent to the epidermis, for the generation of CS independent of CD4 help, and of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses mediated by class I-restricted CD8+ T cells. We propose that immunization through the buccal mucosa, which allows antigen presentation by epithelial DC efficient for priming systemic class I-restricted CD8+ CTL, may be a valuable approach for single-dose mucosal vaccination with subunit vaccines.
Background: The antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) inactivates the target cell via reactions among the photosensitizer (PS), Laser or Led and O 2 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the tissue reaction and cytokine production promoted by aPDT with curcumin photosensitizer. Methods: Polyethylene tubes containing saline solution (control), 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and aPDT with curcumin PS 500 mg/L, were implanted into dorsal connective tissue of Wistar rats. After 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days of implantation, the animals were euthanized and the tubes with surrounding tissues were removed. The specimens were divided in two part, one half was processed, fixed and prepared for histological analysis by staining with hematoxylin and eosin. The other half was collected for IL-1β and IL-6 cytokine production using ELISA assay. The results were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn test (p < 0.05) for tissue reaction and ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's correction (p < 0.05) for ELISA. Results: All groups showed severe tissue reactions at 7 days, whilst a significantly decrease by time was observed. Regarding to cytokine production, aPDT increases the IL-1β levels in all periods of time (p < 0.05). However, for IL-6 levels, the highest value was observed with aPDT on the 90th day (p < 0.05). Conclusions: aPDT with curcumin PS 500 mg/L demonstrated biocompatibility similar to saline solution and induced the IL-1β and IL-6 cytokines production.
RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo detectar anticorpos contra Leptospira spp. pelo teste de soroaglutinação microscópica em animais e funcionários do Zoológico Municipal de Uberaba, MG. Foram colhidas amostras de sangue de 166 animais entre mamíferos, répteis, peixes e aves e dos 36 funcionários. Dos animais estudados, 17 (10,24%) foram reagentes para anticorpos contra Leptospira spp. Os sorovares encontrados nas diferentes espécies foram: Grippotyphosa em uma espécie Cerdocyon thous (Cachorro-do-mato); Canicola em uma espécie Chrysocyon brachiurus (Lobo-Guará); Andamana e Icterohaemorrhagiae em duas espécies Leopardus pardalis(Jaguatirica); Canicola e Icterohaemorrhagiae em duas espécies Puma concolor (Suçuarana); Icterohaemorrhagiae em duas espécies Tayassu tajacu (Cateto); Andamana em duas espécies Geochelone spp. (Jabuti); Patoc em uma espécie Trachemys scripta (Tigre d’água); Canicola em seis espécies Oreochromis niloticus (Tilápia); Icterohaemorrhagiae em uma espécie Rattus rattus (Rato de telhado). Os sorovares mais freqüentes foram Canicola 8 (47,05%); Icterohaemorrhagiae 5 (29,41%) e Andamana 2 (11,76%). O título 100 foi o mais prevalente com 35,3% entre as espécies reagentes. As aves os gatos domésticos errantes e os funcionários do zoológico foram negativos para os sorovares analisados. Dentre as espécies estudadas, os mamíferos e os peixes apresentaram maior sororeatividade. Destaca-se a importância de mais estudos em animais silvestres e em de cativeiro e sua relevância no contexto da epidemiologia da Leptospirose.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.