To contribute to the development of a new method for Meloidogyne exigua Goeldi control, a nematode widely disseminated through Brazilian coffee elds, this work aimed to purify the nematicidal substances produced by onion (Allium cepa L.). Thus, the methanolic extract of onion bulbs was concentrated under reduced pressure and submitted to a puri cation process guided by in vitro assays with second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. exigua. After several steps, two nematicidal substances that seemed to be interconverting when in solution were isolated. When exposed to 500 ppm aqueous solutions of substances 1 and 2, 55 and 38% of the J2, respectively, were dead after 24 h. Very preliminary nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies suggested that these substances correspond to a pair of carbohydrates.
RESUMO -No Brasil, o consumo de pêssegos in natura vem aumentando a cada ano. No entanto, durante o transporte, o período de armazenamento e a comercialização, as perdas são bastante significativas, havendo a necessidade de desenvolver tecnologias para manter a qualidade pós-colheita e prolongar a vida útil desses frutos. O composto 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP) vem sendo usado com resultados positivos em diversos tipos de frutos, como goiaba, banana, maçã, entre outras. Neste trabalho, foi avaliado o tratamento com 1-MCP em pêssegos armazenados em condições ambientais para a manutenção da firmeza dos frutos. Os frutos da cv. Diamante foram provenientes do município de Nepomuceno-MG, colhidos no estádio de maturação 'de vez' e selecionados em função do tamanho, estádio de maturação e ausência de injúrias. Os frutos foram submetidos à imersão em hipoclorito de sódio a 1% para desinfecção e parte deles foi tratada com 1-MCP, na concentração aproximada de 625 nL/L, por 12 horas. Em seguida, os frutos foram armazenados por até 10 dias, em temperatura ambiente (22 ± 2°C e 77 ± 2% UR). Foram realizadas análises de firmeza da polpa, solubilização de pectinas e atividades de pectinametilesterase e poligalacturonase a cada 2 dias até o final do período de armazenamento. Os frutos tratados com 1-MCP apresentaram maior firmeza e menor solubilização de pectinas durante o período avaliado e também menor atividade de pectinametilesterase que os frutos-controle até o 6 o dia de armazenamento, demonstrando que o 1-MCP foi eficiente em retardar o amaciamento dos frutos no período estudado. Termos para indexação: Prunus persica, 1-metilciclopropeno, pós-colheita, pectinametilesterase. FIRMNESS OF PEACH 'DIAMANTE' TREATED WITH 1-MCPABSTRACT -In Brazil, the consumption of in natura peaches has been increasing every year. However, during the transport, the storage period and the commercialization, the losses are quite significant, having the need to develop technologies to maintain postharvest quality and to prolong the useful life of those fruits. The compound 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) has been used with positive results in several types of fruits as guava, banana, apple, among others. In this work, the isolated action of the treatment with 1-MCP was evaluated in peaches stored under environment conditions for the maintenance of firmness of fruits. The fruits cv. Diamante were from Nepomuceno -MG, Brazil, picked at the maturation stadium 'just before ripening' and selected in function of the size, maturation stadium and absence of injuries. The fruits were submitted to immersion in 1% sodium hypochlorite for disinfection and part of them were treated with 1-MCP, at the concentration of approximate 625 nL/L, per 12 hours. Soon after, the fruits were stored for up to 10 days, at environment temperature (22 ± 2°C and 77 ± 2% UR). It was realized analyses of pulp firmness, solubilization of pectins and pectinmethylesterase activities and polygalacturonase every 2 days, untill the end of the storage period. The fruits treated with 1-MC...
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