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In the present study, it was aimed to screen the genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) retrospectively in women with gynecological symptoms who were admitted to a tertiary care university hospital in Ankara, Turkey. A total of 4267 cervical swab samples of women aged 18–79 years were sent to Medical Virology Laboratory from January 2017 to November 2020. Nucleic acid extraction and amplification of samples were done by an automated system. The test can detect 14 high‐risk HPV (HR‐HPV) types in a single analysis that performs a real‐time polymerase chain reaction, by providing individual results on the highest‐risk genotypes HPV 16 and HPV 18 and pooled results on other high‐risk genotypes (OHR‐HPV) (31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68). HPV DNA positivity was detected in 14.2% (605/4267) of the samples. HPV type 16 and type 18 were detected in 2.4% and 0.7% of the samples, respectively. OHR‐HPV types were found in 8.8% of the samples. Of the 1.9% and 0.4% samples had mixed types with type 16+ OHR‐HPV and type 18+ OHR‐HPV, respectively. The results of this study presented the rates of HR‐HPV genotypes of a university hospital in Ankara, over a 4‐year period. It was observed that the positivity rate of type 18 is decreasing and some OHR‐HPV types are increasing. HPV vaccination is not in the national immunization program in Turkey yet, however, HPV vaccines are available and the vaccination rates for women are increasing.

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OBJECTIVE: Mature cystic teratoma, also known as a dermoid cyst, is the most common germ cell tumor of the ovary. In this retrospective study, it is aimed to evaluate clinicopathological findings of the patients who were operated on due to the preliminary diagnosis of dermoid cyst. STUDY DESIGN: Between May 2013 and May 2018, the findings of a total of 143 patients who were operated on with a preliminary diagnosis of dermoid cyst in our institution were analyzed retrospectively. In addition to demographic characteristics such as age, parity number and tumor size, lateralization, preoperative tumor markers, surgical procedure, presence of other pathological findings, and the rate of malignant transformation were analyzed. RESULTS: The median age of patients was 35.4 years and the ratio of nulliparous, primiparous, and multiparous patients was 46.9%, 25.2%, and 28%, respectively. The median tumor diameter was 6.7 cm, 50.3% of which were right-sided, 46.9% were left-sided and the remaining 2.8% were bilateral. Intraoperative torsion was found in 15 (10.5%) cases. The treatment consisted of 60.1% cystectomy by laparoscopy, 3.5% unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy by laparoscopy, 9.8% unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy by laparotomy, while the rate of 16.1% cases underwent hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy by laparotomy, 10.5% of the cases, cysts were excised during cesarean section. As the final pathology report revealed, of 143 patients, immature teratoma was observed in five cases (3.5%), in one of them (0.7%) mixed germ cell tumor and in three of them (2.1%) borderline mucinous cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, and carcinoid tumor on mature cystic teratoma base were observed. CONCLUSION: Torsion is the most common complication with mature cystic teratoma. The size of the tumor is an important prognostic factor in terms of the malignant transformation of teratoma. Fertility sparing surgery with a minimally invasive surgical approach is available for fertility patients diagnosed with Mature cystic teratoma.

Cancer occurs as a result of the mutations in genes that are responsible for cell development and DNA integrity. Mutations can occur in germ cells (germline) (GLM) as well as others (somatic) (SM). GLM are responsible for 5-10% of cancers. Early detection of GLMs is critical for identifying at-risk individuals, following up, and designing risk-reducing procedures. Furthermore, the detection of SM in tumor tissue has recently been used to determine the necessity for extra adjuvant and targeted therapy. Although familial clustering is observed in 10-30% of ovarian (OC) and breast (BC) cancer cases. GLM in the BRCA1/2, which cause DNA repair deficiencies, are responsible for 65-85% of genetic anomalies in hereditary OC. Risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) reduces the risk of BC by about % 90-95 in cases with pathogenic mutations (PMs) in the BRCA1/2 genes, while risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) reduces the incidence of BC (%50 ) and OC(%70-96 ), as well as a decrease in overall cancer-specific mortality. Except for BRCA1/2, OC is caused by PMs in genes like RAD51C, RAD51D and BRIP1, which affect DNA repair process. RRSO is indicated among carriers of PMs in these genes. Lynch syndrome (LS) is associated with a higher risk of colorectal and endometrial cancer. After completing their fertility, hysterectomy and bilateral RRSO are recommended for carriers of PMs in the MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6 genes. Based on the most recent guidelines, our goal in this review is to highlight the genetic alterations that necessitate risk-reducing prophylactic surgical procedures, which are becoming more common in our gynecological oncology practice.

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Aim: Ovarian fibroma, fibrothecoma and thecoma are benign neoplasia of the ovary. The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical characteristics, histopathological results and surgical management of ovarian fibroma/fibrothecoma. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 51 cases who underwent surgical treatment because of adnexial mass. The cases reported as ovarian fibroma/fibrothecomas were analyzed. Results: The mean age of patients were 58.7 years old. The avarage diameter of tumours was 8.23 cm. The final pathological results were fibroma, fibrothecoma, celluler mitotic fibroma, respectively 45.2%, 35.3%, 13.7%. Ascite was viewed in 6 (11.7%) cases. Ca-125 levels were high in 12 cases (23.5%). 11(21.6%) patients underwent laparoscopy and 40 (78.4%) underwent laparotomy. Conclusion: Ovarian fibroma/fibrothecomas are rarely, benign solid tumors. They can be mistaken as myoma or malignancy because of the apperance of tumor with high level Ca-125. These tumors can be treated succesfully by laparoscopy or laparotomy.